SECTION II: FICTION
Introduction
------------
The
world data banks learn us, without surprise, that love is subject the most
exploited(run) in literature, any confused(merged) kinds(genres). After the
love, the big concern of the man is "time". More than five hundred
thousand works, throughout the world, deal, closely or by far, of duration and
of the measure.
When
one evokes the notion of time, one thinks quite naturally of Einstein, even if before
and after him, the biggest thinkers confronted with it their reflections. Einstein indeed
questioned our certainties about the perception of time, opening besides the
way to the two big abstract revolutions of the 20è century: theory of
relativity and quantum physics.
Nevertheless,
I wish to grant(tune) the place of honor, in this work, to the another
personality than Einstein: H.G. Wells. Not only
because Wells is the inventor of the concept of the " journey
in the time in will ", central subject developed in this attempt, but
because of some lines of the first chapter of " The machine to investigate
time ", which one finds in the chapter dedicated to the nature of time.
Let
us pursue our enquète on the implications
of the possibility of moving in the time in will, by analyzing the testimonies
of the writers, the authors of comic strips, the scriptwriters and the
directors of films and series.
It
is not about a summary of works, but choice of useful passages for our
reflection. It is not a question either than an exhaustive list of all the
works which treat(handle) subject - this attempt would have had the thickness
of a big dictionary - but of a selective repertoire of those that bring an
interesting element of reflection for our search, or that give evidence at the
author's of a big mastery of the complex situations which provoke movements in
the time.
Chapter
1: literature
-----------------------
A.
Foundations: Wells and " The machine to investigate
time "
------------------------------------------------------------
To
every Lord, any honor. Wells is the one that had the brilliant blow
to imagine, for the first time, the use of a machine to investigate " in
will " times of past and of the future. In my opinion, Wells's work
inaugurates the era of the literature of science fiction. Arguments do not miss
to justify this idea. For the first time, an author imagines the possibility of
what challenges any common sense and any logic. A possibility which seems to
have any chance ever to come true, while possiblités imagined
somewhere else, as in Jules Verne's work, for example, is practicable.
"
Journey in the time is, par excellence , the subject where science fiction
expresses itself with most wealth and originality " Igor and Grichka Bogdanoff
write in " Keys for the science fiction ". The multitude of
references on the subject studied in this work comes to confirm this comment.
Numerous and illustrious authors of BD, film-makers and of famous authors of
science fiction approached subject, even though it is always not in the work
which calls back(reminds) them the good recollection of the majority of the
readers. But if Valérian is not doubtless a
part of the charts of the BD the most read, although of big quality, the cycle
of time in Bob Morane, of Henri Vernes, whether it is in novel or in BD, meets
a very big success with the teenagers of the whole world.
The
men of science are not in rest. Even though Gérard Klein writes: "...
Neither movement with speed supraluminique nor journey in the
time, these two privileged subjects and even in a lot of consideration founders
of modern SCI-FI, is acceptable one second by authentic one physicist, it was
endowed with a big width of sight ", we saw that one counts more and more
physicists of high flight(theft) who try hard to finalize(work out) a theory of
the movement in the time in will. Is it necessary to consider Stephen Hawking
as a physicist of second zone? It is recognized to be the most brilliant
physicist since Einstein. And having asserted
that " the best proof that journey in the time is impossible, it is that
we were not invaded with troops of tourists of future ", it(he) supports
today that journey in the time is possible within the framework of the theories
which turn around the black Holes. Are they going there to get lost? Besides,
one does not count any more the physicists of high level who try to elaborate a
possibility of travelling in the time within the framework of the quantum
physics.
H.G. Wells supported
that the stories of SCI-FI try " to domesticate the impossible ".
It(he) gave the best example of it with " The machine to investigate time
".
Jean
Gattégno, in " The science fiction ", supports that " there
where Jules Verne contented, as a matter of fact , with prolonging the
adventure novel, Wells based scientific anticipation "
and that " science fiction dates 1895 ", even though term science
fiction was created in the United States only in 1930.
"
Naturally it(he) can seem simplistic to reduce the essence of SCI-FI to the
subject of the journey in the time, with or without machine, and to the uchronie and to
the guess, but it is important to take position and to establish a point of
departure which will be very useful, even though it is a question of qualifying
the outlines of it " Pierre Versins in the monumental adds "
Encyclopedia of the Utopia and the Science fiction ".
Christian
Grenier, in " Science fiction, readings of the future ", chooses, for
study of a subject, journey in the time.
As
for J. Van Herp, he asserts, in Panorama of the Science fiction: " Without
this subject, one can indeed say that there would be S.-F. "
" There hide deep echo and attraction of this subject. While engage(open)
every to others only the outside of the man, here its freedom is in game. Not
the simple freedom of the citizen in front of the tyranny of the forbidden, but
its philosophic freedom in front of fate, in front of a fluid, moldable,
multiple future, or still congealed by any eternity ". So many honorings
in Wells's work.
Let
us note that Wells had the genius not to give a name to
his(her) narrator, what can bring to think that it is about Very Wells, the
coming mathematical anticipations to add of the weight to this thesis. The
author Karl Alexander will exploit(run) this idea by giving one further to Wells's story.
This time, the hero is called Herbert Georges Wells.
The
Machine to investigate time establishes(constitutes) by far the most sober
treatment of the subject, even though one can regret that reflection on the
consequences of the journey in the time is not there more detailed. The story
begins with a discussion among the narrator and his guests. The narrator
exposes(explains) its theory of time conceived as a fourth dimension; we saw
with which correctness. Then, it(he) makes a demonstration with a copy in
mockup of the "machine".
Let
us wonder with friends of the narrator about the subtleties of the movement in
the time. The hero of Wells sends at first the mockup of its
machine five minutes in the future. She(it) disappears and five minutes later
reappears effectively on the table. When the mini machine goes to the future,
why does not one see her(it) in the present, evolving along its line of
universe? And in past, why did not they see her(it) before the voyâgeur brings
him(it) in the detail(room)? A guest suggests that the machine moves so fast
maybe in the time as it becomes there invisible: " We can not see any more
or to appreciate this machine that we can not see the beams(shelves) of a wheel
thrown(launched) at top speed or a coal nut thrown(launched) through the space.
If she(it) advances(moves) fifty times or hundred times in the Time more fast
than us, if she(it) crosses(goes through) one minute while we cross(go through)
one second, produced impression(printing) will be naturally a fiftieth or a
hundredth of what it would be if the machine did not travel in the time. It is
very evident ".
But
what is it to it when the machine stops(arrests)? If one has no recollection of
it on Monday on the table, how, on Tuesday, could one send him(it) to Monday?
And if, on Tuesday, one is going to put down(deposit) her(it) on the table on Wednesday,
and if, of return on Tuesday with the machine, one destroys(annuls) her(it),
what happens on Wednesday?
These
questions do not prevent the hero of Wells to
begin(affect) the investigation of future. It(he) succeeds in a distant future
which looks like the first ages of the humanity. It(he) meets there two
communities, Eloïs, beautiful and frail, but stupid
beings, and Morlocks, more intelligent but disgusting beings, which live
underground, where they maintain a machinery which maintains paradisiac
conditions of life for Eloïs. But they do not make him(it) by
nobility of soul. Really, Eloïs is a livestock which
they maintain to feed.
The
explorer of time is going to live an idyll with a beautiful Eloïs before
meaning in his(its,her) time explaining to his dumbfounded friends what he
lived. Then it(he) turns(returns) in distant one future where it(he) discovers
the agony of the earth(ground). In the ultimate vision of the earth(ground),
the explorer has a beautiful expression: " In an instant, my hand was on
the control lever, and I put a month of distance between these monsters and I
". It(he) returns in his(its,her) time and the story ends on a new
departure.
One
could think that Wells too much little exploited(ran) subject
while the story had so started well. History leaves a taste of unfinished, even
though it is deliberate. But it is necessary to recognize that it is exactly
this sobriety who makes the force of the story. Wells frees
quite the reader to let wander his(her) imagination.
It
is exactly that made the American author Karl Alexander in a story which wants
the continuation(suite) of Wells's work. It is about
the novel " It was tomorrow ", appeared in 1979. It is a very
interesting story by many aspects. At first, he has the merit to exploit(run)
potentiality left by Wells by not naming(not appointing) his hero
and by letting hear(understand) that he could involve himself(itself): Wells is the
hero of Alexander's story. The other big idea is to have organized a pursuit
through time among Wells and celebrate him(it) Jack Eventreur.
Brilliant idea because this sinister individual was never identified and
benefits so from an aura of mystery which takes advantage in Alexander's story.
But
what pleases most in this novel, it is the humor which loosens(kicks away) of
it, quiproquos and misunderstandings which arise from anachronisms.
Fact is rather rare in this type of stories to deserve to be underlined. So the
young lady whom seduces Wells in 1979 goes from surprise to surprise,
not knowing too much if his(her) lover is really artless or he if he plays the
innocents to charm her(it). When spaceships appear on the screen where
pulled(entailed) him(it) Amy and where one plays
" The war of worlds ", Wells hides
behind the seat of his(her) neighbour of opposite, what Amy considers
as a childish attitude. Wells is naturally amazed with objects as the
telephone, the refrigerator... But the nail of the story lives(lies) in the
discovery of a sexually freed(released) world, what at first throws(takes aback)
nevertheless very progressive inventor. But it(he) will fast taste the delights
of modern courtship.
When
Wells wants to
prove to Amy that his(her) machine works, this one exclaims:
" Good God, she sighed, I believed well a moment when I was going to be
first true Alice in the Wonderland ".
Finally,
the author develops a whole series of very interesting technical indications on
the movement in the time and on its consequences. We shall return there in the
last section of this attempt.
B.
Jarry and the
construction of the machine
-----------------------------------------
Alfred
Jarry died
young. It is a French author been born in 1873 and death in 1907. The "
Comment to be of use to the practical construction of the machine to
investigate time ", text in connection with Gestures and Opinions of the
Doctor Faustroll, Pataphysicien, is appeared
posthumously in 1911. Without knowing exactly when it(he) was written, one can
wonder which influence Jarry underwent: Einstein, Langevin, Wells, all the
three?
Anyway,
this text contains interesting reflections on the passage and the perception of
time, even though altogether it is completely silly.
The
link which makes Jarry between time and the space is modern;
it(he) considers that " any simultaneous part of time, that is the space,
is vast and there explorable by means of machines
to investigate the space ". As for time, " If we could remain
immovable in the absolute Space, along the class(course) of time,
That
is to lock us suddenly into a Machine which isolates us from Time (except
little of " speed of duration " normal of which we shall remain full
of life because of the slowness), every the future or crossed(spent) moments
(we shall notice farther that Past is beyond Future, seen with the Machine)
would be investigated successively, as well as the sedentary spectator of a
panorama has the illusion of a fast journey along successive landscapes ".
Now,
and it is we who underline it, question is exactly to know how to how eliminate
or to control this slowness. There is no means to make him(it), in the
sense(direction) where this means would be taken in the movement of slowness of
the universe itself. One can not even speak about total elimination of the
slowness by the death or the destruction of an entity, because " the total
quantity of energy of the universe keeps(preserves), nothing gets lost, nothing
builds up itself, everything is transformed ", and that it seems so that
disappearance "absolved" from an entity is impossible.
Jarry conceives
time as a buckle, placing, point of view of the machine, future before past. To
go to the future, the machine has to accelerate; to go to past, the machine has
still to accelerate more - by speaking about acceleration, Jarry makes
probably allusion to the theory of relativity. It's as if the explorer left of
the ultimate point of future - but in which speed - and returned towards the
past going away more and more fast . Having crossed(gone through) future, the
machine passes by a break-even point between future(future) and passed,
whom(that) Jarry calls Present imaginary.
Anyway,
all the time "persists", what is maybe a way of explaining the
possibility of the existence of time in buckle, because everything is already
realized.
"
The started up machine always goes to the future ". One expects so that an
acceleration pulls(entails) the voyâgeur more and
more far in the future, and not in past.
But
if one thinks of tachyons, these hypothetical
particles which have a speed strictly superior to that of the light, Jarry's reasoning
does not seem any more so absurd: more fast goes tachyons, more
quickly time pours in rebours. Only problem, it is
that the hypothesis of the existence of tachyons will be
formulated only years after Jarry's death. Does it
mean that Jarry, as Wells, had a
gift(donation) of préscience
"scientist", or, as Wells maybe, as he made a
jump in the future with his machine to fish there for one or the other
revolutionary idea? Jarry is he the inventor of the pataphysique, or did
he return it the idea of a journey in the future?
Full
of life of a professionalism, Jarry puts three
conditions in the realization of the Machine:
1)
The Machine has to be of an elasticity absolved for " to penetrate into
the densest solid ".
2)
She(it) must be subjected to the gravity to stay in the same place.
3)
She(it) must be not magnetic to escape any disturbance of magnetic type.
Concretely,
the Machine appears under the following shape:
Three
gyrostats in fast
rotation determining the three dimensions of the space, form a cube of absolute
rigidity, suspended according to an invariable direction(management) in the
absolute space, in which takes place the explorer. An engine turns tores. The
precision of the machine goes in the daytime in the million days. The machine
is " transparent in the successive spaces of time ".
Jarry concludes
his(her) text by an enigmatic aphorism:
"
Duration is the transformation of a succession in a reversion. That is:
THE FUTURE OF A MEMORY ".
C.
Barjavel and
" The careless traveler "
--------------------------------------
Barjavel is a
French author of science fiction of international fame. The novel " The
careless traveler " establishes(constitutes) an impossible to circumvent
reference when one evokes the subject of the journey in the time. Contrary to
Wells, Barjavel has the merit of to envisage numerous consequences of
the possibility of
the movement in the time. It is what makes the force of its work.
The
hero of Barjavel, Saint-Menoux, meets a learned
obese man, Essaillon, who finalized(worked out) a product, the noélite, who
allows to move in the time. Too big to move himself(itself), Essaillon leaves
care with Saint-Menoux to make jumps in the time. After attempts of some
hours in the close future, Saint-Menoux goes to a distant
future. It(he) discovers to it the humanity of Mè century,
who(which) lives as a real termitière, with a queen monstrueusement big who
assures(insures) the reproduction of the sort. Let us note that silence and
unconsciousness of the people of distant future are very practical for Barjavel, as they
him(her,it) were for Wells. They allow these authors to by-pass
the difficulty having to imagine their thought. It is doubtless more a literary
trick than seer's vision. Besides, strange report, as at Wells, one
finds at Barjavel the distant future where does not exist of "
machine to investigate time ".
Saint-Menoux's
jumps are in past more interesting.
During
a return in rather recent past, in the Beautiful Time, Saint-Menoux acts
under the mask of the " Green Devil ", as well as named him(it) the
press of time. The exploits of this burglar ghost are so brought back(reported)
by the press, what provokes sudden appearance in 1942, is some years later, of
a heap of works, the attempt in the pulp novel, what have for subject our hero
and what, and it is it the interest of the anecdote, did not exist in 1942
before Saint-Menoux makes his(her) jump in past. The most remarkable, it
is that Barjavel pushes logic until indicate modifications in the
contents of these works stemming from the nothingness, according to new jumps
in the past of Saint-Menoux and from the new
fixed prices of the " Green Devil ". During one of the raids in past,
Saint-Menoux is going
to meet himself and to speak to itself. This meeting is occasion for us to
develop an unexpected consequence of the possibility of the movement in the
time: the infinite double exposure, or put in temporal abyss. In Barjavel's story,
the moment when Saint-Menoux meets himself has
already existed without Saint-Menoux meets himself. It
would mean that jump in the time does not establish(constitute) a buckle for a
long time and for ever determined. The traveler of time keeps(guards) his free
arbitrator. But price to be paid for this freedom is a superimposing of all the
returns in the time at the same moment as has to make the traveler of time. We
shall develop more for a long time this idea in the following section.
Another
anecdote has its importance: Saint-Menoux lives in a
room(chamber) in front of a building which he finds horrible. This building was
drawn by the architect Michelet, the neighbour of Saint-Menoux's
chamber. During one of the actions, the Green Devil prevents the marriage of
the relatives(parents) of Michelet. Of return in 1942, Saint-Menoux has the
pleasure to see that Michelet does not exist, but
the despair to see that the building is still solidly anchored on its
foundations. The plasticité of time seems so to
have its limits - is it a contradiction? The building(ship) always exists while
the architect who conceived him(it) has never existed. At the bottom(really),
one can see there an answer to the situation which establishes(constitutes) the
nail of Barjavel's story: the attempt of Napoleon's murder by Saint-Menoux. Saint-Menoux decides
effectively to go to settle(adjust) his(her) account to the executioner of
Europe of the beginning of the 19è century. But it(he) makes written no chance.
As Saint-Menoux fires at the small big man, a soldier passes in his
shooting range and takes the ball of full whip. It would not be still too grave
for our awkward hero if it(he) turned out only the soldier in question is the ancètre. Saint-Menoux's body
begins then to oscillate among the being and the non-being during the agony of
his(her) grandfather. During this time, a century later, Saint-Menoux's
recollection fades bit by bit of the memory of his(her) fiancée Annette. Saint-Menoux has never
existed! History is finished.
But
fifteen years after the first appearance of the book(pound), Barjavel offers us
a post-scritpum seizing with depth and with realism in which he
proposes another exit, or rather a non-exit, to his story:
He
killed his ancestor?
So
it(he) does not exist.
So
he did not kill his ancestor.
So
it(he) exists.
So
he killed his ancestor.
So
it(he) does not exist...
Vertiginous
paradox but which explains himself by the hypothesis of the possibility of a
movement in the time, as we shall see him(it) in the last section of this
attempt.
Now
the same paradox appears about the existence of the universe, as us saw him(it)
in the first part of this work, but the universe exists really. Either one
becomes mad, either the universe does not exist. What urges us to say that
paradoxes developed in this attempt are not a simple game of the spirit, but a
faithful reflection of the reality.
Apparently,
Barjavel drank in
scientific readings on the developments of the quantum physics, and seized with
it the main thing. The diversion of the Shakespeare's famous quotation "
golden To be not To be, that is the
question ", in " To be and not To be, that is the
answer, perhaps " summarizes our current vision of the universe:
" No metaphor can help us. The quality To be is
unknowable us. Only could maybe make it a very vague idea the physicists of our
time, specialists of the constituent particles of the atom. Because all that they know
about these particles, all that taught them of them
irrefutable mathematical logic, it is that all the
time they are neither somewhere nor somewhere else - nor here, nor there, nor
somewhere else - nor anywhere nor everywhere... And nevertheless they are these
improbable particles turning around the nothingness which(who)
establish(constitute) the paper of this book and your hand which holds him(it)
and your eye which looks at him(it) and your brain which worries... Disturbing,
terrible, roaming particles of your body... They are never in their place and
nevertheless ever somewhere else. There is nothing among them, and there where
they are, there is nothing. Then, you that are you? To be and not To be, here
is question. Unless it is an answer... ". What translates only another way
the paradoxes of the impossibility of Zénon's movement, or Epiménide's paradox
Cretan asserting that " all the Cretan are liars ".
A
word on the conception of the time of Barjavel. The
conception of time differs totally from that of Wells. While Wells insisted
on the fact that the Being IS time, Barjavel
defends(forbids) the idea of a possible distinction among the being and the
time: it(he) could exist things outside time: " These safes(chests) which
you saw are coated inside with a painting with base of noëlite 3. This
painting shields(subtracts) from the action of time what is inside the
safe(chest). The green lamp cancels the action of the noëlite. I
introduce into the safe(chest) an alive chicken. I put out(switch off) the
lamp. The chicken stops becoming. Present, which did not exist for him, will be
henceforth the unique(only) shape of his(its,her) time. It(he) does not move
any more, because movement supposes speed, departure and arrival, movement of
time. The blood stops(arrests). The sensations do not run(roam) any more along
the nervous nets. It(he) remains congealed in the present. It(he) can
live(remain) so thousand years, without aging, without smelling. As soon as
flares up again the green lamp, it(he) begins again to exist. An ardent match
can remain in my safe(chest) an eternity without going out or to waste away
".
Barjavel will push
this idea to his(her) height in the description of a rain of noëlite which
falls on a city. Objects or organs got(touched) with the substance are
motionless, literally outside time. It is a "moment" of terror for
the inhabitants: " All the city roars. All the human beings,
reached(affected) here and there by there, continue to become, with the part of
their body which was not got(touched), whereas another part stands still in the
time ".
By
emitting(uttering) the hypothesis that one can extract of time and continue to
perceive world, Barjavel illustrates perfectly
the consequences of Edwin Abbott Abbott's reasoning in Flatland, this
story of the perception of the reality by a being in two dimensions, who lets
believe that a reality, in the occurence a reality in two
dimensions, could exist outside time, because we saw that time is the
expression of a reality in three spatial dimensions.
It(he)
is interesting to refer here to an article, the article Dimension of Alembert appeared
in the Encyclopedia, is a century before the appearance of Abbott Abbott and Wells, and a
century and a half before Barjavel: " I said that
it is not possible to conceive more than three dimensions. A man of wit of my
knowledge believes that one could however consider at duration as a fourth
dimension and that the product of time by the solidity would be in any way a
product of four dimensions. This idea can be disputed, but it has, it(he) seems
to me, some merit, when it would be only that of the novelty ". An idea
then revolutionary but resting(basing) on a conception of time and of the
reality which is completely exceeded by the last developments of the physics,
and in particular of the quantum physics, and by the new logical reasonings
which show that time is " constituent " of the reality, and not an
independent dimension which would come to add to the three dimensions of the
space.
Bradbury and A
thunderclap
-------------------------------
Bradbury is a
famous writer for his Martian Columns(chronicles) and the numerous scenarios
that he wrote for the cinema and the television.
A
thunderclap is a short story(piece of news) which became an impossible to
circumvent reference when one evokes the subject of the journey in the time,
because Bradbury develops there an important possible consequence of
the movement in the time: the development of an insignificant act in the point
to modify the class(course) of time in a significant way. The story
rests(bases) on the subject of the exploitation of the journey in the time in
commercial purposes.
In
2055, one travel agency in the time organize a hunting in the Tyrannosaur, the
Lizard of the Thunder, in the Cretaceous. " But the amateurs of strong
feelings are not aware(conscious) that the lot(fate) of the least prehistoric
insect is bound(connected) to that of the billion individuals which live in the
XXIè century?
A single lapse and the class(course) of the history would fall over, upsetting
the fate of the humanity ".
It
is obviously the error that is going to commit Eckels, one of
the rich tourists of the expedition, by crushing a butterfly of the Cretaceous.
A beating of wings butterfly in the north hemisphere can provoke a hurricane in
the southern hemisphere, amplifying the extrème
sensibility on the initial conditions of atmospheric phenomena, as suggest
him(it) the theories of the chaos; the butterfly crushed in the Cretaceous will
provoke a change of the history in the XXIè century.
" Give up a small plant of absolutely nothing(everything) can have
incalculable consequences. A small error here can make snowball and
have(resources) disproportionate repercussions in sixty million years.
Obviously, our theory can be false. Maybe we have no power at the time; maybe
still the change which we would provoke it would take place only in more subtle
details... But as long as we swim in the uncertainty on the storm or the light
shiver which can create our raid in the Time, we have to be bougrement careful
", said Travis, the responsible for the group, before
the departure of the expedition. Travis was
right. Of return in the XXIè century, the travelers of time notice
at first a secondary change, a modification of the spelling:
"
The printed placard, on the wall, that one which he had read this afternoon,
when he had penetrated for the first time into the desk(office). One read to
it:
Ploughshare.
Eye of a needle in traver age
Party
of eye of a needle in Past
Vou choisises
the animal.
Nou vou let
us transport.
Vou kill
him(it). "
But
there is more grave, much more grave. While they had left in past satisfied
from the éléction of a humanist to the presidency of the United States,
voyâgeurs has the
bad surprise to notice in their return that the new version of the history
chose a dictator to steer the country of the freedom.
It
is about an importing symbolic change because herald of a new civilization, but
one can not say that it is about a fundamental turnover on the scale of the
history, as if Bradbury had not dared too
much to take away us from our reference executives. Let us add that, the
evolutionary chain connecting insects with the man being already well
advanced(moved) in the Cretaceous, the disturbance provoked with the death of
the butterfly has to be a part of elements circonstantiels of the
history of the earth(ground).
Let
us admire besides the way Bradbury of which deceives
"paradoxes". In Eckels's question of knowledge if, during their
descent in the Cretaceous, they should not have crossed by train themselves to
return in the XXIè century, security of the success of the
expedition, the leader of this one said: " It would be a paradox... Time
would not suffer such a mortar, the meeting of a man with himself(itself). When
such possibilities appear, Time makes a distance on himself(itself)... Did you
feel(did smell) the Machine to make a jump just as it was going to stop(arrest)?
It was ourselves, crossing us on the way back. We did not see anything. It
would be impossible for us to say if our expedition was a success... "
And
the tyrannosaur in all this? It(he) will be brought(shot) down by Eckels and
his(her) companions. Now, it is all the same a first-rate
"butterfly", this dinosaur! The death has certainly to provoke grave
disturbances of time. But Bradbury foresaw everything.
It(he) sent Travis to past to track down a tyrannosaur on the point to
die and to determine the exact moment of the death. The intervention of the
" hunters of time " will not so provoke a modification of the
history. By precaution, Travis obliges same Eckels, who
meanwhile crushed a butterfly, to go to remove the balls of the body of the
monster, not to let be lying about(dawdle) in the Cretaceous of the
anachronistic objects.
"Thunderclap",
it is at first the one that provokes the appearance of the tyrannosaur. But it
is also that of Travis's rifle, the leader of the expedition, as it(he) presses
on the trigger to bring(shoot) down Eckels. Because
because of him, expedition was a failure(defeat).
Leiber and The
cycle of the war modificatrice
---------------------------------------------
The
cycle of the war modificatrice consists of a series
of novels and news which have for subject a war through time between Snakes and
Spiders. Snakes and Spiders are not monsters, but resuscitated human beings.
They are recruited by the two camps which are engaged a war through time. The
originality of Leiber's work is not to reveal anything any
progress of this war, but to become attached to the description of the
recruitment of the soldiers and the details of their daily life. And all this
in a particular style which makes plausible the most extravagant situations
because the reader becomes identified easily with the persons whom, most of the
time, Leiber does not name(appoint).
All
that one knows about the army of Spiders, for example, it is that " It is
a very big organization... Empire Calls Her(it) or to be able to, if you wish
him(it). She(it) always existed and she(it) will always exist. She(it) has
agents everywhere, in the proper sense of the word. The space and the time are
not for her(it) obstacles. The purpose, as so you are ever capable of knowing
him(it), it is to modify, for the own extension, not only present and future,
but also past. It is an organization of merciless competition and she is
mercilessly to her staff ".
In
the short story(piece of news) The morning of the damnation, Leiber describes
the recruitment of a tramp - poivrot recently died by a mysterious Spider:
" I am Ressusciteuse, she says with the same peace. I tear away(extract)
corpses from the continuum space-time and free them of the fourth dimension.
When I resuscitated you, I untied(removed) you from your life line next to the
point that you thought of being Now... Or still, I created a fork in your life
line, if you prefer, and you are in the free crossing. But the other one You,
him(it,her) You buried, the one that people believe to be him(her) You reality,
stayed over there in your room(chamber) with the other Zombies which pretend
". When she says it, Ressusciteuse and his(her) recruit
are always in the "normal" space-time. " We move through him in
the same temporal speed as him(it,her) You whom we left over there,
walking(working) from peer with sound Now. But both we have a at the moment
imperceptible and not operational, supplementary mode of freedom. Do not worry,
I shall build a Door and we shall leave from here soon ".
In
the short story(piece of news) Try to change past, we attend the first steps of
the other one resuscitated, a Snake this time, in the fourth dimension. The zigue managed
to enter the Room of Transfer, without pointing out. It(he) is not satisfied with
the new "reality" and would find gladly the condition of
"zombie". He decides to turn(return) to past some hours before the
moment when his woman(wife), been furious by her lack of character,
pulls(fires) him(her) a ball between two eyes, and turns(returns) then the
weapon against herself(itself). Gold, the poor man had just learnt by telephone
that he had inherited from the immense fortune of his dead uncle. It is the
reality which is worth being lived! The Snake unloads(unburdens) the weapon of
his(her) woman(wife) and puts back(hands) it in the drawer, convinced to
save(spare) itself so the stigmas of a third eye, but at a time of the drama,
here is as its double(copy) receives the ball between two eyes, as it had
already been case. It is that " The balls which it(he) had removed were
they also copies; they had disappeared the real world only in the point of the
space-time when it(he) had removed them, but they had continued to exist, as
real as ever, in the previous and posterior slices(edges) of their life line,
what made that the révolver was again
loaded(charged) as his(her) woman(wife) had seized it ". Anderson adopts
the same argument to resolve the problem of the paradox of the grandfather of Barjavel. The
Snake is not allowed defuse(unsettle). He decides to return some minutes before
his woman(wife) grasps the révolver, and the nurse on
him. " Two things a little reassured him(it), although it(he) was waited
in the one and had hoped for the other one: his(her) woman(wife) did not notice
her presence under shape of double(copy) and, when she went to take the révolver, she
contained quite as if it(he) was not removed and held the right hand as if the
weapon was inside... His(her) woman(wife) chuckled and made the gesture kill
sound I. Certainly, this time there was no shot, or of hole between eyes
provoked with a ball appearing mysteriously, what was a thing(matter) of which
he had been afraid ". Exactly, is not it what would have had to produce,
or at least did not the double(copy) have to collapse as if it had received a
ball between two eyes? Leiber a little complicates situation. The
double(copy), driven to despair, approaches the révolver, visible,
which holds the invisible Snake and complies cleanly. It is that " The
spatiotemporal universe in four dimensions does not like being modified,
as well as he does not like losing or gaining(winning) some energy or some
material(subject) ". But our Snake has cure of it. Even though the
survival has to provoke a turnover of future, he wants to take advantage of the
inheritance of his uncle. It(he) makes so a new attempt, well taking care this
time of hiding the weapon. What do you believe that it(he) passât? The
double(copy) seems to want to seize its chance, it goes to the opened window
but suddenly collapse; it(he) received a brightness of meteorite between two
eyes! " If a statistician looks for an example of highly improbable event,
it(he) can with difficulty choose it one more brilliant than probability for a
man to be reached(affected) by a meteorite. And if he adds the condition that
the meteorite strikes him(it) between two eyes to imitate the wound provoked
with a ball of calibre 32, unlikelihood takes an astronomical dimension. So,
how can anybody try to thwart the plans of an universe which finds easier to
pierce the head of a man that to postpone the hour of its death? ".
Conclusion:
Leiber's point of view is the exact counterpart of that of Bradbury: "
continuum space-time is established(constituted) by a persevering
material(subject) and change is not anything else that a chain reaction. Change
past and you will provoke a wave of changes flowing back towards the future,
but it weakens very fast (pays off very fast ). Have you ever heard speaking
about temporal reluctance? Or of the Law of Conservation of the Reality?
".
Benford and A
landscape of time
------------------------------
Grégory Benford
is an American physicist of high level specialized in atomic physical
appearance(physics), which imagined the possibility of communicating with past
by means of " tachyons ", these
particles faster than the light that we described in the previous section.
We
are in spring, 1998. The hero Renfrew, the atomic
physicist, has to convince a representative of the English government, Peterson, that his
searches are worth being pursued. He explains to him(her) so that his objective
is to send a message to the researchers of 1963 to warn them against the
dramatic effects of the pollution of the oceans and to incite them to take
measures which will prevent(warn) the catastrophic situation of the
earth(ground) of 1998. Let us listen To Renfrew:
"
We try to concentrate salvoes of tachyons by aiming
in such way as... "
"
One moment. It is a question of aiming what, exactly? And where so
be 1963? "
"
Enough far(far), that it(he) seems. Since 1963, the earth(ground) continued to
turn around the sun, and the sun itself moved around the galactic centre, etc.
If you count with all these elements, you will see that 1963 is very far.
"
"
But with regard to what? "
"
Well, with regard to the centre of the regional galactic heap. Notice well that
the heap of moves he also, if one compares him(it) with the system of
coordinates supplied by the background noise of ultra-short waves and... "
"
Listen, drop this jargon, do you want? Are you by train to say to me that 1963
is somewhere in the sky? "
"
In a sense. We try to reach(affect) him(it) with the bundle of tachyons. For it,
we have to sweep(annihilate) all the volume of space where was the earth(ground)
in this time precise ".
"
That seems totally impossible. "...
Finally
somebody who asks the essential question of knowledge OR is a time!
Let
us notice the subtlety of the author, which seems to want to say to the
representative of the government that what seems impossible, it is to
sweep(annihilate) " all the volume of space where was the earth(ground) in
this time precise ", and not the fact that it can be always there. Anyway,
by answering in a precise way the question, the author contradicts an essential
education of Einstein's relativity: it is that there is no point of departure,
so of space, absolved. Really, the universe is not anywhere. It is well the
sense(direction) of the question " with regard to which " of the
representative of the government. "
"...
You understand(include), to go far to past tachyons has to
travel for a long time. "
Peterson asks then
what the fact of exceeding speed of light has to make with the journey in the
time. Markham, the colleague of Renfrew, explains
to him(her) that it is a direct consequence of the restricted relativity, as we
saw him(it) in the previous section. Peterson will
evoke then the paradox of the grandfather and will have respite to ask his(her)
interlocutors how they plan to avoid him(it).
"
It is so bizarre to think that people of past are real " Marjorie, the wife
of Renfrew says.
Peterson has a
sensible idea to convince that Renfrew and Markham is right,
and that the world in which they live is already maybe the one that
conditioned(packaged) Renfrew. He asks this last
one to send a message to past, to suggest to the receiving physicists of 1968
to rent(praise) a safe(chest) in a bank, and to leave with it a proving message
that experience(experiment) succeeded. And effectively, Peterson finds
this message. The following question asks then: if the future is already
modified, to what does it(he) serve that Renfrew pursues
experience(experiment)?
Benford
summarizes perfectly the position of the majority of the current physicists,
position which fights(disputes) Prigogine. He
estimates(esteems) that our perception of the drainage of time is only an
illusion because physical equations are quite temporarily symmetric.
Furthermore, there is no means to measure the speed of passage of time, for
lack of power to conceive a system of coordinates which allows him(it). "
So it(he) does not pass by. As regards this universe, Time is motionless
".
But
in this train, all which is at present not resolved is impossible. Besides, it
is indeed "very logic" who proves us that a thing(matter) can differ
from herself(itself) only in the time.
Finally,
by the remark, the person Markham recognizes that time passes by, because he
speaks about a speed, as Poincaré made him(it) by
asking the question to know how we could measure a drainage twice as fast of
time.
Markham said
still : " One can change past, but only if one does not try to arouse a
paradox. If one tries, experience(experiment) remains suspended in this
intermediate phase ".
But
is not the least change of reality a paradox? Does not a sudden presence in the
universe establish(does not constitute) a change? We shall return on these
questions.
Asimov and The
end of the eternity
------------------------------
Here
is a book cleanly irrésumable, as it(he) teems
with ideas and with original inventions, as the style is hâché. What
returns the indispensable reading of it although sometimes difficult. After
all, one has the impression(printing) to have read a big book, because
unique(only).
Asimov is a sort
of child prodigy which saw publishing her first short story(piece of news) at
the age of nineteen years, and which found then enough motivation to
cross(spend) two university licenses, in chemistry and in biology.
Asimov the
Eternity calls us. By comparison, the works of Wells and Barjavel seem to
be a part of the prehistory of the journey in the time. Indeed, the perpective in which Asimov places
his(her) hero Harlan is "simply infinite". Asimov gives the
impression(printing) to have a real card of time under eyes, sending Harlan to
execute Changes of Reality in times more or less taken away from future. Now
exactly, if one speaks about estrangement, this(they) can not be that from a
point, from a basic time. This time, it is the 482è century. Harlan, so, is
an engineer who has for task to realize the modifications of reality put in
equations by Computers. It is a question of preventing the accident of such
individual in such time to kill in the egg a war which would have declared
herself some years later. Objective is to obtain a perfect reality.
Times
evoked by Asimov seem derisory compared to the eternity. Why to have
evoked the 482è or even the 70000è century? Why not 607003 billion millenniums?
Asimov answers
this remark by the fact that there are Hidden " Centuries ", period
who extends exactly from the 70000è to the 150000è century, when the barrier
existing between Time and Eternity is unbridgeable; and by the fact that any
human life disappeared beyond the 150000è century.
Let
us note that the hero of Wells went the year 800000
and that of Barjavel until thousandth century. The travelers of time seem
to venture more and more far into the time in the course of works.
Asimov's book is
filled with contradictions, but Asimov has the
merit to face them and to develop them: the fact that there is a region where
to be and things remain so-called under another shape of time - Asimov speaks
about "physio-years" - but another shape of time in fact very similar
to the time which we know, because one physio-year corresponds to the ageing of
one year in the normal class(course) of time. This contradiction has at least
the merit to underline that Eternity is well the height of time, and not the
absence of time: " In the eternity, there was not of time in the usual sense(direction)
a term in the outside universe, but human body aged, subjected that it was in
the walking inéxorable of Time, even for lack of significant physical
phenomena ". Asimov has indeed to admit that there is no
real difference between the time of the Eternity and that of the outside world,
what urges to wonder which can be the interest to tell the life of the Eternal.
One does not feel really concerned, - their life is so similar to that of the
human beings, less well-, but a bit further that one asked this question, Asimov
pulls(entails) his(her) hero in the universe outside the Eternity, that is in
" our " reality. Harlan finds there the one
that he loves and pulls(entails) it in a speechless time.
As
Barjavel and Abbott Abbott, but
unlike Wells and Bergson, Asimov seems to
think that things can exist outside time, as in a reality in the state of
break. Every time seems to have its appropriate(clean) life, what exceeds any
understanding: " During the two physio-years which passed by since your
departure, the 482è century crossed a crisis which reached(affected) a critical
point. " How is it possible? The 482è century is for a long time carried
out and known, it has no autonomy, only changes those are brought with the
Eternal. But exactly, are not they previous changes which influence him(it)? In
this train owes règner in the time an indescribable chaos.
For
Asimov, a
modification of past will have effects which will increase before easing bit by
bit: " repercussions extended farther, by successive waves,
reached(affected) their maximum in two thousand four hundred eighty first
century, that is twenty five centuries after the intervention. The intensity of
the Change of Reality declined then. The Theorists established that at any
moment, after infinite centuries, it(he) would not become equal to zero, but,
fifty centuries after the intervention, it(he) had become too small to be
discovered by the most perfected computer and it éatit there the
practical limit ". At the bottom(really), one sees there only of very
natural, but what no author had still put in evidence in as net a way, even
though Barjavel and Anderson hints at the " plasticité " of
time.
During
one of the raids in the class(course) of normal time, Harlan notices
"himself", because he returned inadvertently at a moment whom(that)
he had already invested(surrounded) during one of his previous temporal jumps.
But sound he "observed(been careful") does not know that it is a
question himself(itself). He only heard(understood) a noise in another detail(room):
" a person occupying two points of the same Time in the same Reality runs
a risk of meeting herself. "
"
Anyway, it was a thing(matter) to avoid. Why? Harlan knew that
he did not wish to meet himself. It(he) did not wish to look in eyes at another
Harlan (previous
or following). It would be moreover a paradox and what Twissel liked to
repeat? " There are no paradoxes in the Time, but only because Time avoids
deliberately paradoxes ". As we shall see him(it), Asimov describes
there a buckle registered in the pure determinism, as we shall see him(it)
farther.
Asimov assumes
the consequences of the journey in the time: " often, it seemed to
him(her) that his own presence in this century, as individual come of another time,
could divert the class(course) of his history. If the simple presence, which
established(constituted) an element troublemaker, could exercise a decisive
influence in some key point, another sequence of probability would become real
". It is another way of expressing the reality of the sensibility of a
system on its initial conditions.
Here
we are, to end, one of the passages which interest us most: " They ( the
human beings) know vaguely that our presence aims also to prevent the disaster
from striking the humanity ". The Eternal, these people crossed(spent) in
a parallel universe where from they control the history of the earth(ground),
can they prevent only the " temporal collision " from occurring?
Moorcock and Here
is the man
-------------------------
Here
is " Here is the man ". From a point of view purely literary, it is
doubtless about the best work of this repertoire nevertheless stocked well:
it(he) allies sobriety, light, depth and coherence. Furthermore, the place of
destination of the hero, the years of existence of the Christ, is much less
often exploited(run) than one would have been able to believe him(it).
Moorcock is an
English writer in the prolific work. It(he) is especially known with the
general public for the Héroïc-Fantasy's legend " Elric Nécromancien ".
Moorcock allows
himself of numerous boldnesses in Here is the man. It(he) sends his(her) hero, Karl Glogauer, to 28 of
our era. Glogauer wants to attend the crucifixion of Jesus. What he
ignores, it is that the son of God suffers from a mental deficiency and that he
does not absolutely correspond to the historic image with which he became
soaked. Glogauer be is tortured, entangled in his mediocrity until the
day when he decides to leave a time which tolerates only force and courage, and
a circle of acquaintances which does not support(bear) any more his complaints.
It(he) is allowed pull(entail) by the fate and plays the role which was
attributed(awarded) to the son of Marie.
Originality
and force of Moorcock's book, it is to juxtapose the route(course) of inferior Glogauer and that
of the actor of an unusual history. We attend the psychological evolution of Glogauer, we see
him(it,her) becoming soaked with the unfortunate's role promised to a big fate,
to attend finally the crucifixion. Due to the sharpness and to the precision of
the psychological analysis, and by the fact that the story is enamelled with
biblical parabolae, this history establishes(constitutes) the best illustration
of a situation of absolute determinism.
Moorcock goes even
farther. Taking the other stories of movement in the time, when game consists
in avoiding or in resolving the paradoxes that it provokes, in opposite, Moorcock made, by
the movement in the time, solution for the paradox which would have provoked
the non-existence of crucified Christ. It is a height!
Let
us take advantage of the occasion to say a word of the type of travelers of the
time which we met.
Heinlein and You
Zombies
----------------------------
Robert
Heinlein has a forming(training) of engineer. The news and the novels were
often outdone(subsidized). It(he) is recognized as one of the authors who
master best the subtleties of the logic and, in the case of the movement in the
time, subtle malpractices against the logic!
Quits
to stage the improbable, so much to push him(it) until the height. The hero of
the short story(piece of news) of Heinlein, old of
around thirty years but of which one does not know the name because he is the
narrator, speaks to the boss of the secret bar reserved for the travelers of
time. The boss sends him(it) some decades to past so that he gets acquainted
there of a girl. It(he) will push zeal so far as it(he) will fall in love with
it and will put her(it) surrounding wall, before starting again in the future.
As for the girl, after the childbirth(delivery), she(it) undergoes an operation
which transforms her(it) into man. Once taken out of the hospital, she makes a
jump of 20 years behind and puts down(deposits) her baby in the entrance(entry)
of an orphanage. Situation is not already commonplace, but character extraodinaire of the
history appears to the end of the long short story(piece of news) of Heinlein, when the
reader understands(includes) that all the persons of the history are the same individual!
In
other words, the hero of Heinlein speaks to
himself(itself) younger in a bar, and is met himself when he was another girl,
to put himself enceint ( e ) himself and,
undergone time the operation of the change of sex, to settle, baby, about twenty
years earlier, on the threshold of an orphanage himself. It(he) can then take
advantage of a deserved well week of rest. We have there a beautiful embodiment
of the " snake Ouroboros, the snake which wastes(destroys) eternally the
own tail, symbol of the Big Paradox of the civilization crètoise.
Why
to place Heinlein's contribution in this place? Because it(he) is
considered by its peers and by number of scientists interested in the journey
in the time, as the one that showed the aptness of the idea of the journey in
the time. The situation which it(he) describes is the exact opposite of the one
that brings back(reports) Barjavel to the end of the
careless Traveler. Unlike Saint-Menoux, the hero of Heinlein makes
everything to assure(insure) its rear.
The
height of the height, it is to imagine that the complete humanity is the same
individual, Adam of future come in past to multiply in the infinity. Of what to
give badly to coasts.
As
Barjavel, Heinlein takes into account problems of realization in a given
time, insisting on the fact that she must be calculated to avoid any incident,
not because of a some object which would be towards the realization, towards
the achronissage, but towards the " return shock of the field
".
Small
test of understanding: which is the sex of the baby abandoned by his(her)
father - mother?
Igor and Grichka Bogdanoff
and " The machine ghost "
-------------------------------------------------
The
brother Bogdanoff is both doctors in sciences and famous to have
animated(stimulated) during several years the television broadcasts which
allied the most serious scientific subjects to the biggest frenzies of the
fiction.
The
short story(piece of news) of the twins of Time X, travelling aboard their chrononef, is in a
sense a development of the discussion of the persons of Wells, in the
first chapter of " The machine to investigate time ", and proposes an
exit different from that of Fredric Brown's new Experiment, that we
shall land farther.
The
professor Biggle finalized(worked out) Chronodyne, but his
colleagues call him by mistake Chronogyre, what is doubtless a
wink of the brothers Bogdanoff in the broadcast series " Time tunnel
".
Biggle wants to
make a demonstration of the functioning of Chronodyne, but he
does not succeed in convincing men's of science flowerbed of all the
disciplines which listen him(it), of which it managed to send a paper in the
time. He is even jested by his colleagues, as Champignac's Aurélien, nephew of
the known well Count, in Spirou.
Biggle sends so
to the future a paper which he initialed(signed). Some minutes later, she(it)
reappears. It is so that she(it) was " outside time " until the time
of the professor Biggle the rattrappe. But if
time is behind on the sheet, it is that it is not realized somewhere else, in
the future.
For
past, it is more complicated: " voyons Biggle! Past
goes still for future, but!... You know well that it is radically against the
relativity! ". To what Biggle answers " that
inside not local fields, nothing forbids that a material body can go back
up(raise) along its line of universe ", what a small look in the Section
Science will confirm you, and what could not miss to know the engineers and the
doctors in sciences Bogdanoff.
Actually,
here is that appears from the nothingness on the tray(plateau) of the chronodyne a sheet
signed by Biggle in a future of eight minutes. The dean wonders how Biggle can have
in hands a paper which does not still exist: " It is nevertheless simple!
To take an unrefined image, you know what there are two manners to advance a
motive: to pull(fire) him(it) or, on the contrary, to push him(it)... Well, due
to my chronodyne, for the first time, we are capable of " pulling
"(firing) an event by future, instead of letting him(it,her) " grow
". One thinks of time seen with Jarry's machine.
But
logical question comes then: what would it(he) happen if Biggle did not
place the sheet on the tray(plateau) of the chronodyne to send
him(it) to past? " According to my equations, one of the most likely
possibilities would be the pure and simple disappearance of our universe from
the event ". Biggle reassures his(her) colleagues: it(he)
is not going to play the learned madman. But the dean Kooning, who does not
appreciate at all Biggle, has then an exclamation of triumph:
" I would be curious to know about which sheet you go to send your damned
message! It(he) creaked on a threatening tone ". It seems indeed that
neither the sheet which holds Biggle or another sheet can
be put on the tray(plateau). If it(he) puts the sheet which it(he) has in
hands, it(he) will make " inevitably appear in past anything which was
never created ", because who will have drafted the message? One meets
there the paradox of the knowledge developed by the philosopher Davies, and who
is only a variant of the paradox of the grandfather developed by Barjavel. If Biggle puts
another sheet on the tray(plateau), it(he) is going to modify past; future will
modify irreparably past. Situation is impossible.
"
Nevertheless, solution existed well and truly, because the sheet was there,
under the eyes! ".
Biggle scrawls
then another sheet and sends it to past, hoping that the one that he has in
hands will disappear immediately. On the contrary, it is the new message which
appears on the tray(plateau) of the chronodyne. It is a
message sent of future by Biggle to himself(itself)
to warn him(it) against this type of experience(experiment). But it(he) is too
late, everything disappears! " A white - blue flash of lighting, come of
anywhere, suddenly snatched all the visible forms, gobbling up in an instant
outlines and shadows. And it was everything ".
It
is not everything. Experience(experiment) was a failure(defeat). Biggle did not
manage to move an object in the time. The room of conference empties, but not
bottom not in the space. The last one to be left her(it), Biggle sees a
paper on the tray(plateau) of the chronodyne. It(he)
hesitates, creases(offends) her(it) and throws(casts) her(it) without reading
it. If he had read it, it(he) would have understood(included) that the machine
works and that come all to escape a disaster: " Laboratory of chronodynamique. Sixteen
hours and fifty seven. Relative past. In Pr. Biggle.
Imbecile! Who takes you? You are diverging history! Forget only not to create
paradox, you do not have to keep(preserve) the first message. It is necessary
so for you to draft a new banknote(billet) and to transfer it towards the
relative past at the same time as the one that you already have in hand. The chronodyne
will make of himself(itself) compensation by cancelling the sheet too. Make
fast ".
This
epilogue calls long comments. By sending a sheet to past, Biggle creates a
paradox, and as he waited for there, the universe disappears. It is as well the
conclusion of Brown in Experiment, with
this nuance as the cube that his(her) hero sends to past remains, while
everything disappears in the short story(piece of news) of the brothers
Bogdanoff. But a parallel history pursues. In this one, Biggle did not
send anything to past. It(he) acts so of another branch of universe, even
though the twins of time X do not hint at it. Rest to be explained where from
can indeed result the final message. If there comes of past, of 16. 57 ', are
eight minutes before Biggle sends the message to past, which past
is it a question? Not of that of the universe where everything disappears
because there is no connection between the branches of universe. On the other
hand, the message has no sense(direction), no reason to be, in the second
branch of universe because Biggle did not send
anything to past. Biggle would have suddenly
understood(included) in past the danger of the experience(Experiment) and sent
a message in the future. Insane. If it is aware(conscious) of the danger,
it(he) does not need to send a message to himself(itself). It(he) will not
simply tempt experience(Experiment). Only plausible
explanation, it is that warning comes of future. But in that case, she(it) is
useless in the second branch because Biggle did not
send anything to past and has not a sheet in hand.
"
I do not so like using(employing) the term of " movement ". Let us
say rather that the chronodyne leads(infers) a
field of connection between two different moments, what makes possible
transfers of information or better still, material(subject) between these two
moments ". The Transfer is made in an explosion and flashes of lighting.
Anderson and The
patrol of time
----------------------------------
Poul Anderson
is an American author of Scandinavian origin. It(he) has a forming(training) of
physicist.
Anderson is maybe
the author who exploits(runs) most systematically possibilities opened by the
subject of the journey in the time.
His(her)
heroes, people and women, are recruited in all the times with Daneeliens, stemming
of distant one future, to establish(constitute) a Patrol of time and to prevent
the delinquents of the time to modify the class(course) of it. So Manse Everard,
the central figure of the news of Anderson,
crosses(goes through) the most varied times, what gives a real
impression(printing) of vertical adventure. It is a skillful mixture of the
historic truth and the fiction. Anderson's stories
make think of a game of role.
Why
to place Anderson here? Because it(he) seems to want to answer the most
illustrious authors who dedicated a part of their work to the journey in the
time and especially who brought an important contribution on second thought on
the subject: Barjavel, Heinlein, Bradbury. It is in
the answer for this last one that appears the force of the conception of time,
which presents temporal continuum as a " network of robust rubber ribbons
" ; " It is not easy to deform him(it), he always tends to return in
his " previous " shape ". Anderson calls
upon statistical balance against the power of the chaos, in a vision which gets
closer to that of Asimov. What does not prevent that " time
has nothing of stiff; the man has his free will... "
It
remains that " most of the manipulations which one underwent in the past
(including in erae posterior to the XXé century
which were, they also, the past of someone else, after all) had no measurable
effects. Space-time was not easily allowed warp: it(he) always tended to return
in the configuration " eccentric ". Your blunders, or criminal
attempts made to modify events, were quickly the most generally ignored and
forgotten. In fact, interventions usually showed themselves historic elements
integrated into the evolution of the world. But from time to time, there was a
point nodal so crucial as his change could upset quite complete
future ".
So
the murder of Scipion, father and
son(thread), in 218 before Christ, provokes Hannibal's victory on Rome.
Consequently, Rome did not conquer Long poles, the Gauls took power in Europe,
investigated seas and discovered(found) America where one speaks at the moment
about the Celt, where motorcars run(drive) in the vapor and where years are
booked from the date of the creation of the world, 5959 years earlier, is in
4004 before our era, because we are in 1955. But everything will go into the
order due to Everard's intervention.
Everard does not
miss a cap. After himself to have modified the class(course) of the history
during one of his(her) numerous interventions in the time, Everard blames
the patrol boats of time come to intercept him(it), to want to modify this
registered(recorded) change. It is the height that one will also find in the
" temporal Deserters " of Silverberg.
One
of Everard's missions consists in finding his colleague and
friend Keith. Now history does not keep(guard) any track of Keith's return; but
it is not it which is going to prevent Everard to leave
in the search. It will be to discover his(her) friend in the skin of the king
of Persia Cyrus, in 542 before our era.
Anderson brings
his(her) answer to the paradox of the grandfather of Barjavel: "
The mutability of time pulls(entails) a crowd of paradoxes, it(he) dreamed for
thousandth time. It was possible to cancel an event historic, possible to
realize joke éculée consisting in killing his own father in
the cradle. But as it was necessary inevitably to appear a little before the
moment of the cancellation, operation did not affect you and did not
distort(alter) at all your recollections of " what had been once ".
You existed, simply , without more having the least antecedent. The physicists
of the XXè century did not suspect that the laws of the
conservation were laws of the discontinuity. "
"
Well then? You claim that the law of causality or, more exactly, the law of
conservation of the energy, implies only continuous functions(offices). Really,
discontinuity is completely possible. " It is that learns us indeed
quantum physics with the Planck's black body and the
state granulaire of the space and the time on the scale of Planck.
Let
us note the coherence of Anderson's vision: the paradox of the grandfather
appears from the simple possiblité of the voyâge. If the voyâge is
actual, the paradox of the parricide - or of the
matricide according to the author-, does not exist any more, it becomes
secondary, a detail.
As
Barjavel and Heinlein, Anderson
approaches the problem of the realization on the time of arrival: " It was
only by fragments that they saw where they were. They were realized in about
ten centimeters over the ground - Everard thought
later of what would have arrived if they had met themselves within a massive
object - and étaeint fallen on the road
with a shock to be transplanted them teeth ".
Times
invested(surrounded) with Anderson's patrol boats? Prehistory, Persia, Rome in
the time of Hannibal and Scipion, High Middle Age,
close and parallel future.
The
machine: "change("jump") "-time".
Simak and In
the torrent of centuries
------------------------------------
Clifford D. Simak taught
long years before dedicating itself completely to the literature. If the story
contains some lengthes, it(he) teems also with original finds.
Essential
spring of the story but not presented as such, the voyâge, although
surprising certain persons, is as being obvious, maybe exactly because it is
not essential. But all the Simak's art is to hint at it without forcing the
dose, what returns plausible experience(experiment). It(he) proceeds by small
subtle touchees, as this appearance of a vessel of androïde near Asher Sutton,
the hero of the story. It is by discovering a manuscript carrying as title
" This is fate ", writes by Asher Sutton,
that this last one admits the existence of the journey in the time. Let us note
that it(he) will well be careful not to read the own book(pound), avoiding so
paradox described in " How was bare Morniel Mathaway
" and presented by the physicist Xavier Deutsch as the " paradox of
the knowledge ".
Little
in the style of Asimov, Simak elaborates the story by means of a
series of reversals of situations which seem to exceed intentions registered in
the preconceived plan.
We
are 7990. Sutton returns from a mission of twenty years on an until
then inaccessible planet where a being was bound to him by symbiosis. Sutton is
pursued by people and androïdes of the future which
want, some to prevent him(it) from drafting a fundamental work for the future
of the humanity, the others to help him(it) to write it. It(he) discovers in a
box of the attic a letter drafted in 1987 by a distant ancètre, and a
crowbar. His(her) ancètre tells to have met a
being of whom it is convinced that he comes of future, and evokes also its best
worker, a mysterious being who is other than Sutton, who
went(surrendered) on the spot to realize the situation, and was surprised by
the temporal traveler, the warrior of time, about whom speaks the aiëul, and whom
it planned to neutralize, falling in a trap which will leave him(it) ten years
in 1987.
As
Asimov's eternal and as the Patrol boats of the time of Anderson, the
fighters of time make psychological, historic analyses and computer
calculations pushed to make the tiniest changes, susceptible to help them in
their war through time. But the biggest attention does not put them shielded
from the effects of the fate.
"
It would be the part of failures(chess) in three dimensions, with a billion
billion compartments, and a million details(rooms), and rules(rulers) which
would change every time ". Here were which(who) give a small idea of the
complexity of the situation.
Simak a
beautiful illustration of the absolute determinism gives us. " In some way
that it was, the book must be written or future was a lie... Future different
possible? Maybe, but it did not seem likely. The future different possible were
a fantastic notion which used for its demonstration the perversion of
semantics, by a skillful use(job) of words which covered and masked the
hypocrisy of the reasoning ". One could point out to Simak that the
possibility of the journey in the time is still doubtless more perverse.
Fallen
in the trap, Sutton says that he could all the same start
again in his(its,her) time: " The letter had made him(her,it) come here
and the letter had been written because it was necessary that he comes, so
it(he) must have already come. And that time, it(he) had stayed and stayed
because it(he) could not go away. This time, it(he) would go away, this time,
it(he) did not need to stay. A second chance, says. A second chance was given
to me. However, it did not hold, because if there had been second time, the old
man John H. would have known him(it). And it(he) could not
there have of second time because one was in this same day when John H. had
spoken to the man come of future chain was fixed. And it was necessary that
it was him ".
Contrary
to the instruments of the Patrol of time and of those of the yellow Shadow -
that we shall evoke soon - who work through time, " jump in the time would
cut contact with Trevor's psycho-pisteurs, because they could not work through
time ".
One
tries(feels) once again the feeling that works dedicated to the journey in the
time answer the some the others, forming a big fresco.
Silverberg and The
temporal deserters
--------------------------------------
Of
scientific forming(training), Silverberg is, as Asimov, a
miracle of literary productivity, as in the field of the popularization as in
that of the fiction.
We
are in 2490 and the inspector Quellen has for mission to stop(arrest) the one
that organizes the flight(leak) of citizens disappointed by their conditions of
life, the Temporal Deserters, in the time.
At
first, Silverberg contents with evoking some of the theses of the other
authors: fundamental instability of the universe: " Abruptly, Kloofman was invaded
by the feeling giving up of the instability of the universe. " "
Imagine what would have been able to arrive if somebody had interfered in the
life of the known and registered deserters. To tear away(extract) fragments of
past but world would have been it upset! "; voyâge only
possible in past: " One can go only to a sense(direction), to a time, you
know. Behind. There are over there no machines to send back(dismiss) people in
the future, and anyway I believe to understand(include) that it is impossible.
One goes behind, one stays there for ever. "; breach of the law of
conservation of the energy: " At this same moment, he knew him(it), a
deserter left for past. A life was shielded(subtracted) from the present. And
the mass? Did she(it) keep(did preserve)? Information on the global mass did
not take into account the eventuality of a sudden and unique(only) subtraction.
Hundred kilos removed just like that today and thrown(planned) towards
yesterday ".
One
can raise(find) a contradiction between the instability evoked by the
class(course) of events and the determinism of voyâges already
registered in the history while they are going only to take place: why so are
the persons afraid of modifying these modifications? If it is really the pure
determinism which reigns, there is no means to modify these modifications, and
the universe is not unstable.
"
One can not go back up(raise) time. All that one can make, it is to forge
ahead, ceaselessly , at the speed of one second in the second ", says Pomrath, brother-in-law
of Quellen, and nevertheless future deserter.
Quellen studies
the archives of past to track down the presence of the temporal deserters in
the other centuries; it(he) grants(tunes) a lot of interest to the testimonies of
mysterious appearances, which can explain themselves by deserters' arrival of
time.
It
is occasion for Silverberg to give the
interpretation of the paradox of the grandfather: " Doubtless the deserter
who would have acted so he would have faded at once of the existence, having
been never put in the world, to begin. Were there cases of this kind(genre)
registered(recorded)? Set note of it, says himself. To study phenomenon under
all the angles ". But Quellen " did not
believe in the possibility of such paradoxes. It(he) clung solidly to the idea
that it was impossible to change past. Because past is a closed book. Any
manipulation on behalf of a temporal traveler already appeared in archives.
What makes of us all marionettes, it(he) dreamed gloomily, by meeting itself in
the impasse of the determinism ".
It(he)
seems nevertheless so evident as jump in the time establishes(constitutes) in
himself(itself) a testimony of free arbitrator.
"
Send To me wherever " a person says to the organizer of journeys in the
time. This one answers: " correct expression is whenever ".
The
functioning of the machine: "... She(it) has repercussions at the same
moment in the time and in the space principle is simple. A tension suddenly
applied to the tissue of the continuum; we push the material of the present
moment in the pocket and collect an equivalent load(responsibility) of the mass
of past. For the conservation of the material(subject), you
understand(include). When our calculations are erroneous of some grams, it
causes disturbances, implosions, meteorological effects. (In brief it disrupts
time!). We try hard not to miss purpose, but it arrives. In the centre of all
this, there is a plasma of fusion. Not in better way of tearing continuum; we
use in this end our own small sun. We draw from the force thêta. Every
time when a person uses the stat, it creates a
temporal potential which we get to use him(it) in our tour(tower). But it
remains very expensive ". The stat is the
instrument which allows of dématérialiser a body or an object
to move him(it) immediately in the space. Silverberg seems to
be the only author to have proposed a solution of the problem of conservation
of the energy.
Let
us admire the arrival of a temporal deserter in his(its,her) new time: " An
opening gaped in the sky, as if a deft hand had maneuvered a zip. Norm Pomrath
fell by the tear ".
The
inspector Quellen himself does not resist to the temptation to make a jump in
the time. It is true that he had assumed himself of the privileges which put
him(it) in malpractice with the law and which that began to feel(smell) the
singed for him.
"
There was a whirlwind, a twisting, and Quellen had the
impression(printing) to have been turned(returned) as a finger of glove. It
floated on a purple cloud over an indistinct ground and he fell ".
The
informers of Silverberg do not work through
time: " Listening was a very sensitive instrument, but it had no means to
spread(diffuse) through a temporal breach ".
Klein and The
warlords
-----------------------------------
Gérard
Klein is an economist of forming(training), a writer, an essayist, a critic:
talents are not missing.
Least
that one can write, it is that the novel abounds in original ideas.
It
is war between the earth(ground) and the planet Uria.
The
Lieutenant Georges Corson, the landed warrior of the indefinite future, is
thrown(planned) in an indefinite future on Uria, a world
in peace, what has the gift(donation) to put him(it) in conflict with himself,
him who masters only the situations of fight: " He could consider as
demobilized soldier and put down(deposit) the uniform of the soldier. Or still
it could consider as a sort of involuntary deserter, thrown(planned) in the
Future ", while the Deserter de Silverberg goes to past. But " The
present behavior remained dominated by an old war of more thousand years than
it had left the day before ".
The
temporal autochthons that cotoie Corson, and in
particular the Office which controls some centuries without conflict of the
history, distrusts this survivor of past: " For centuries, maybe
millenniums, the man had learnt to move in the time. And the general losers,
the opposite tyrants had looked, systematically, for asylum in the time, in
past or in the future, rather than to offer themselves to the knocks of their
enemies. And peaceful centuries were forced to protect themselves against these
invaders ".
But
far from representing a danger for the community, Corson is going
to become the Herald of the times of peace.
One
can say that Corson's point of view, which is also that of
the reader, is that of the countryman in Asimov's
universe. Indeed, it(he) exists in Aergistal, a region
outside the space and outside the time, when one can assimilate to the Eternity
of Asimov, the Gods, not eternal, but to the unlimited
duration, as likes clarifying it Klein: "
You do not make a net distinction between the infinity and the unlimited. We
are not immortal if you hear(understand) there that our lives should be
infinite. Nothing is infinite, this way, even the universe, even what contains
the universe. But our lives are unlimited ". But while Harlan, at Asimov,
"contented" with making Changes of Reality limited to the ground
history, Corson has for mission to resolve the conflicts which
mine(undermine) the history of the cosmos. The Gods can not themselves
intervene: " We could maybe, theoretically, kill(abolish) war by means of
our power, by the violence, but it would be a contradiction in terms. We would
enter fight against ourselves ". A little bit easy!
The
first mission of the hired man Corson consists in preventing the Colonel Veran
and his troop of six hundred people, castaways of time on Uria, as
him(her), from leaving in the conquète of the universe.
The
Colonel Veran wants to subject the hereditary enemies of the Earth,
uriens. For it,
it(he) decides to return to the past of Ngal R nda,
the leader of uriens, at the moment of the birth - what is
also a way of assuring(insuring) the temporal rear - to steal the shell of the
egg from which this one arises and the blue colour of which gives evidence of
its royal lineage; but the intervention has to remain discreet because "
To use some weapon in a past on which one depends amounts to a suicide. I hope
that you are it aware(conscious)... I shall content with introducing a small
modification. A modification which will be situated below the threshold, which
will pass unnoticed but which I shall be able to use the come moment ".
Klein's point of view joins that of Anderson. But
farther, it(he) gets closer rather to that of Bradbury,
touching(brushing) contradiction: " Attention in your feet, says Veran. We are
in our objective past. One never knows if the fact of breaking a twig is not
going to activate(start) a major turnover ". Now Veran breaks
much more than a twig, he takes the broken shell of egg where from went out Ngal R nda to
make up her(it) and to persuade in the imposture of the leader of uriens.
Operation
will succeed and Ngal R nda will be stoned to death. But Corson did not
remain inactive. It(he) let act Veran better to
take him(it) in lapel. The way of which it(he) takes himself is there
particular at least, because it is sound he future who(which), without
informing him(it) about it, gave a meeting to Veran. Corson adopts a rather
cavalier attitude toward himself(itself): " At the bottom(really), I
believe you, Corson. You are probably the man who sits in
the council of this planet, in three centuries from now on, but you do not know
him(it). You are not still this man. At the moment, you are only the best card.
It(he) could not come himself(itself) because he already knew what had arrived.
It(he) should have challenged the law of the not regressive information. It(he)
could not rely on anybody. Then, it(he) chose to send himself(itself), by using
a previous period of the existence and by acting on the class(course) of the
events only by small touchees, below the threshold of turnover ". Veran saw
clear, but it will not advance(move) him(it), because he ignores the intentions
of future Corson; and it(he) will not dare to eliminate Corson which
it(he) has under the hand, for fear of disappearing of the reality
himself(itself) if it(he) modifies her(it). It(he) is taken in the trap!
After
this warlike mess, a word of love. During sound risk, Corson fell in
love with beautiful Antonella. It(he) met her(it)
for the first time during the passage on Uria. What he
still ignores, it is that Antonella meets him(it) then
for second time. Corson will understand(include) him(it) lorqu it(he)
will meet for second time, on a beach, Antonella who sees
him(it) then for the first time. Three hundred years earlier, Corson met for
the first time Antonella who at this moment
met him(it) for second time. She(it) was older, he younger. One will recognize
that Gérard Klein takes pleasure in the complexity.
A
word finally on the " law of the not regressive information: " A
broadcasting station can not be its own receiver, says patiently Veran. I can
not make sign to myself. It would activate(start) a series of oscillations in
the time which would eventually weakened(paid off) by eliminating the peturbation. Distance
would faint between the point of origin and the place of destination and all
which would be meanwhile would disappear ". It is also the reason for
which Veran does not show to Corson the
details of the message which future Corson will send
to the Colonel; exit so the harassments of the paradox of
the knowledge!
Vernes and Bob
Morane
--------------------
Vernes's work
allows us to make transition between the chapter dedicated to the literature
and that dedicated to the comic strip. Indeed, Vernes has scénarisé number of
his(her) novels so that they are adapted to the comic strip.
Henri
Vernes is a prolific author. He staged his person idol, Bob Morane, in dozens
of adventures.
It
is significant that one finds two volumes of Bob Morane's adventures dedicated
to the " cycle of time ".
A
resemblance exists between Vernes's work and that of Anderson. To both
appears a " Patrol of time ", but whereas that of Anderson has to
have to intervene to correct the attempts of modification of the history, that
of Vernes has to content itself with a passive role. So, says
the commander(major) Graigh, " our orders are formal. We can travel in the
time, but never we can intervene to change the class(course) of events. Fate
has to live(remain) the boss. The Patrol of Time can watch the past and future
ages, but its role restricts itself to it ". What will not prevent the
Commander(major) Craigh and his people from intervening to save Morane and
his(her) friends blocked(surrounded) in full Cretaceous, in the first adventure
where Morane moves in the time.
It
is that, at the request of Carlotta, the wife of their
friend Frank Reeves, Morane, Ballantine and the professor
Clairembart meet themselves at the time of dinosaurs, having travelled in the
craft machine of the professor Hunter, a world-famous physicist who ruined
himself in the construction of his machine, and who tries to make profitable
her(it) by proposing to some billionaires, against 50000 dollars, a safari in
the universe of Tyrannosaurs. It is the subject that one has already seen
exploited(run) by Bradbury in " A
thunderclap ".
Once
their carried out mission, or to find alive Reeves and Hunter, the persons
meet themselves blocked(surrounded) more than 60 million years before the birth
of the Christ. Fortunately the Patrol of Time, created in 2300 after J.-C. Return
them to the 20è century, violating the rule of conduct. She(it) even commits a
second fault, of entertainment as we be could say, by putting down(depositing) Morane and
his(her) friends the day of the beginning of their adventure. History ends as Morane, Ballantine and the
professor Clairembart meet Carlotta. The buckle is
curly, but it does not naturally satisfy us.
Fortunately,
Vernes foresaw a
variant of the exit of the story, in which he assumes the consequences of the
journey in the time. Morane, Ballantine and the professor
Clairembart are returned well by the Patrol the evening when began their
adventure, but this time they reveal to Carlotta, the wife
of Frank Reeves, what occurred. Immediately this one phones to
his(her) husband to notice that it(he) is indeed there. " Morane jumped.
Something did not turn circle in everything that. He did not know still exactly
what, but something did not really turn round ". Effectively, one is going
to realize with him that the buckle can not choke up of herself(itself). "
And Bob could not refrain from noticing, once again, that, if everything
repeated, it was not completely in the same way. As if Time and events did not
enter perfect contact ". And this false contact, this short circuit,
it(he) is provoked by the existence of two Frank Reeves
and two professors Hunter, that is that they are present at the same moment in
past, in Cretaceous, where Morane and his(her) friends
will go to save them, and in the present of the 20è century, when they were put
down(deposited) by the Patrol of time. Now the professor Hunter exclaims:
"... Franck and I can be at the same time in two different
places, was in million years of distance ". What the captain Graigh, of
return with our friends having realized his clumsiness, is going immediately to
confirm: " IT(HE) CAN NOT EXIST TWO Frank REEVES OR
TWO PROFESSORS HUNTER wherever in the continuum ".
"
By putting down(depositing) you in a badly chosen date, in the XXè century,
we made an error which was revealed only later with our computers. We in this
way allowed you to travel on two parallel zones of Time. At the same time, it
consolidated us in the necessity which there was for the Patrol never to
intervene in the progress of the History ".
It
allows us to illustrate the problem of the temporal double exposure, wrongly
resolved by Vernes by the evocation of " parallel streams of time
", even less there is a myriad of Reeves and Hunter
everywhere in the continuum, between their birth and their death, but it is not
naturally there about identical copies. We shall see that the least
"movement" in the time provokes an infinite reduction of
invested(surrounded) time. It will be a question of seeing in which measure
movement and determinism are not contradictory?
Solution
proposed by Graigh? To eliminate Frank Reeves and
professor Hunter that they went looked for in the Cretaceous. To console the
wife of Reeves frightened by the execution of the double(copy), Graigh evokes
the danger which there was to let the second Frank Reeves walk in
the time, risk him(it) that she meets him(it) and the consequences that it
would have pulled(entailed). Regrettably, it(he) does not extend over these
consequences.
Vernes dedicates
a chapter to a statement of the professor Hunter on the notion of time.
Apparently, Vernes is inspired of " The machine to investigate time
" by Wells, because he resumes the first-rate example of the
cube of the English author: " Let us imagine indeed a cube which possèderait length,
width and thickness, but not duration. It would be in a sense, an immediate
cube which would not have either crossed(spent), or the future. In spite of its
length, its width and its thickness, it(he) would not exist in the time. That
is that there would not be every court. So, so that an object exists, he needs
really four dimensions. The three first, the length, width and thickness, that
we shall call dimensions of the space, and the fourth, which is Very time
". Even though it has the taste of the plagiarism, it is necessary to be
grateful to Vernes to have called back(reminded) these Wells's
penetrating observations, maybe the most intelligent thing(matter) ever written
at the time, ten years before the elaboration by Einstein of
his(its,her) special theory of relativity, and more than ten years before the
elaboration by the mathematician Minkowski, of its metrics of space-time, who
establishes(constitutes) the real formalization of Eisntein's ideas.
More
original maybe, in the leader of Vernes, is the
conception of the mechanism of the machine to travel in the time. Rather than
to move her(it) at the speed of light, because the bodies which move in this
speed " become infinitely flat and stop existing with regard to the three
dimensions of the space. They become so exclusively quadri-dimensionnels (???) and
can then evolve, almost immediately and everywhere, through Time. ", Vernes says to
the professor Hunter that he acquired the certainty that, " to be able to
move in the time, it was not indispensable to reach(affect) a speed equal to
that of the light, but what it was enough to vibrate this object following the
same frequencies as those of the light ". The only inconvenience of
Hunter's device, it is that it " did not allow to move in the future or
the very moved closer past. It(he) could not move neither in the space ".
It
is very interesting that Vernes approaches the
question of the accessibility of times. It seems whether it is the only author
who makes his machine capable of approaching distant times and not very moved
closer times, question that we shall study in detail in the last section of
this second part. At least these limitations they concern the machine of the
professor Hunter, because as regards Temposcaphe of the
Commander(major) Graigh, it(he) is " of a perfect precision ".
Obligation
for the members of the Patrol of the time not to to intervene in the
class(course) of events is not really respected, because, in the long fight of Morane and Ballantine against
the Yellow Shadow, Morane and Ballantine,
accompanied with Sophia Paramount, journalist in Chronicle, will be
"agents" of the Patrol; Patrol helps them to move in the time, what
is all the same a shape of intervention of the Patrol of time by interposed
persons, it is not necessary to laugh. So, in " The satellite of the
Yellow Shadow ", Graigh, henceforth Colonel, decides to send Morane, Ballantine and Sophia in 2500
to get into the satellite of the Yellow Shadow, which he imagines in this out
of service time, to make them then " revirer "
for the XXè century and to sabotage the satellite in his premium
youth. If one can wonder of the ignorance of the future of The Patrol of Time,
it is necessary to underline the subtlety of this operation, who allows to
avoid an entrance(entry) to force, unpredictable, of the satellite too well
kept(guarded) by the people and the robots of the Yellow Shadow for the XXè century.
Regrettably, and it is here that Graigh's
ignorance is problematic, but wholesome for the continuation(suite) of the
story, access to the satellite seems better protected still in the XXVIè than in
the XXè century, and Morane and
his(her) companions are thrown(planned) in year 10000, took in the bundles of
the projectors of antimaterial(antisubject) of the satellite. They discover to it
Paris annihilated and invaded with wolves, some human beings returned in the
primitive state distributed on the rest of the globe. Our heroes eventually
discovered an universe of fairy tales and legends (as in Bréchéliant's door),
sheltered under a bell - " isolating all that she(it) contains laws of
Space-time due to a particular vibration of the material(subject) of which
she(it) is established(constituted) "-, which(who) maintains him(it) out
of reach effects of time and of the space - goodbye the image of impossible
immediate cube-, and so out of reach detectors of the Patrol of the Time which
has to be looking for Morane and his(her) friends. Obviously, a
beautiful heroine will come to their help, Tania, the
niece of the Yellow Shadow in the occurence, which,
due to the powers of telepathy through time, succeeds in contacting the colonel
Graigh, on the
spot one half an hour later.
Interesting
hypothesis in " The sword of Paladin ": Durandal, the
sword taken by Morane in the XXè century,
returns of herself(itself) in his(its,her) time. " She(it) had to
disappear, Bill... I would have had to guess him(it) earlier... For a long
time, she(it) did not exist any more... She(it) was of excess in our world in
our time ".
All
right, but then, why Morane, his(her) friends and did not their
objects melt in the other times as the sword Durandal in the 20è century? They
remained nevertheless absent much longer in their time when she(it) of his.
As
Anderson seems to
distance himself from the other authors, by the answers to their arguments, as Vernes seems to
be inspired by it, of Anderson exactly for the use
of a Patrol of time, even though his can not directly intervene, - and the fact
of calling the servant of Jacques de Morlay " Everard ", in an
episode of historic jugglery, is a beautiful wink to Anderson-, of Barjavel for the
combination(overall) of voyâgeurs, Wells for the
"immediate" cube, Paape and Greg for Luc
Orient. But sometimes it(he) perfects, for example the combination(overall) of
the hero of Barjavel or brings novelties, electromagnetic vibrations of
the machine of the professor Hunter.
Irony:
Ming and
his(her) opponents arrange as much technical means as Vernes owes ruser not to
return them too easy task: romantic inverted, inverse of the quète of the
impossible. Concern which one finds at Mézières and Christin in
Valérian and Laureline's adventures.
In
" yellow shadow trembles the earth(ground) ", Morane and
his(her) friends hesitate to return friend to the life: " At first sight,
to return Dupré to the life did not establish(constitute) a problem.
It was enough to tear away(extract) him(it) from hands of dacoïts before
these kill him(it). But time is an infinitely complex dimension. The abolition
of a speck of dust can be cause, some billion years later, a radical
transformation of the planet. For the better or in evil. And who would dare to
take this risk? Dupré had died. Maybe it(he) had to die. Or
maybe not...
-computers
will decide, calls quite high the colonel...
Computers
would calculate the "risks" which would represent the fact of
returning the lieutenant to the life ".
The
same remark as for Bradbury. Justification seems
absurd because the simple presence of voyâgeurs provokes
more than the simple abolition of a speck of dust.
Calculation
of computer as at Asimov and Anderson.
In
" The prison of the yellow shadow ", the Patrol of time resolves the
problem of the route(course) of long distances by the hibernation. But one can
wonder that the Patrol of time does not possess the mastery of the holes of
worm, shortened of space-time, nevertheless less difficult in theory.
In
The prisoner of the yellow shadow, Morane resolves
enigma proposed by the mathematician Rudy Rucker in her book(pound) fourth
dimension, is the way of going out of a perfectly hermetic cube in which one is
locked with a machine to travel in the time: by means of a connection of
space-time): " This time, there was a hic! Oh, a
quite small hic!... Involved of crossing(exceeding) the
extra-temporal dam established by the Yellow Shadow. But everything was
foreseen. One settled(arose) at the edge of a cave, some months before Ming
establishes his(her) dam. Then, one crosses(exceeds) these some months in some
fractions of a second (??? For the rhetoric, these seconds?), and snap! One is
locked under the bell as cheeses which wait to be sampled.
The
carried out sleight of hand, one has only to control on the devices of edge if
one is wanted well at the time. One is there. No doubt. A temposcaphe, that
never has failures. And if that has one of it, any importance: one has never
existed ".
The
sun of the Yellow Shadow: " If the Mongol managed to destroy(annul) the
human civilization in the area of the XIVè century,
there were strong chances so that all which came later in the history NOT EXISTAT EVER.
There would be doubtless another History, but it would not be the same ".
"
One moment! Slid Sophia Paramount. If we dash into
extra-temporal controversies, we shall not go out of it. It is the kind(genre) of
hank that ever nobody will manage to disentangle(solve). We are there, and
alive. All which counts, it is to prevent Mister Ming from realizing the plan
of destruction, that it is already made or not ". Let us admire the
pragmatism of the woman(wife) of action. Let us guarantee that Vernes justifies
there the fact that he does not face paradoxes bound(connected) to the voyâge.
Vernes does not
forget to approach the question of the realization. One learns(teaches) as well
as the transmitter of material(subject) unipolaire courted
risk to his(her) user of rematérialiser inside a cliff or
inside a tree, what would amount to an immediate death.
The
precision of the movement in the time is not perfect:
"
They had been transferred at dawn but, because of the various gaps of dates and
hours and well when their passage had been immediate, they had
reached(affected) the XIVè century much later in the day, what had
in itself only not enough importance moreover ". (A rose for the yellow
shadow, where Morane goes to 1317 in France and 3001 to Niviork) We shall
see that it has more that one of it believes.
The
precision of the combination(overall) stops(arrests) at the hour.
In
state of vibration, the temposcaphe is suspended in the
time and, from then on, becomes invisible. Rather similar to a flying saucer.
In
the Sword of Paladin, the professor
Hunter recommends to Bob and Bill to remove, by going out of the machine, a
detail(room) which makes it unusable, precaution that already set Wells's
voyâgeur.
CHAPTER
2: Comic strip
--------------------------
The
9è art presents the peculiarity to have appeared the year of the appearance of
" The machine to investigate time ".
Series
------
Valerian
--------
The
town of the unstable waters is the first album of Valérian's adventures. One
teaches it that Valérian and Laureline is spatiotemporal
agents who travel through time and the space. The scriptwriter juggles with
scheming(intriguing) situations and paradoxes, but the treatment of the subject
remains superficial.
The
same machine serves for travelling in the time and in the space.
In
the study resumed in the album " Mézières and Christin with
", resuming the 1-st unpublished episode of Valérian "
bad dreams ", Gérard Klein estimates(esteems) " that only significant
process is that of the life, the evolution, and that history has not a lot of
importance, otherwise anecdotal, neither than the control of the history in
which fuss our spatiotemporal agents ".
History
" bad dreams ", first episode of their adventures, presents us
meeting among Valérian and Laureline. She(it) makes in
the XIè century, in a forest. One teaches it that the agents
of Galaxity " patrol in the history to fight against the
pirates of the journey in the time - as the Patrol boats of the time of Anderson and Vernes - and
they investigate the distant planets to assure(insure) new resources in the
earth(ground) ". The Technocrats steer the town and the rest of the
population is engaged " in the pleasures of the dream, under the control
of the service of the dreams which organizes programs ".
In
" Fflumgluff of the friendship ", Valérian makes
several jumps in past to save his colleague and friend Slane, which is
dying, wasted(destroyed) with the inside by a vegetable in the growth monstrueusement fast.
It(he) stops there three times to reach at the moment who(which) precedes the
contagion of Slane by Fflumgluff. (By the
roads of the space)
In
the story which regroups two albums " Subway Châtelet,
direction(management) Cassiopée " and " Brooklyn Station, terminus
cosmos ", Valérian is sent to the 20è
century on earth(ground) to resolve the enigma of the appearance of destructive
monsters, whereas Laureline harvests information
on the planet Zomuk. It turns out that monsters appearing
on earth(ground) are entities stolen on Zomuk and who
represent each a fundamental element of the reality according to the
ancient(former) philosophy: the water, the air(sight), the earth(ground) and
the fire.
On
earth(ground), Valérian is in touch with a
fixed agent. Soldiers of future tried to intervene, but without result, what
will make angry the leaders of Galaxity, the employers of Valérian and
his(her) contact Albert. Valérian: " It is indeed
for it that I have henceforth to work only with you " ; " Indeed. And
I understand(include) the concern of our euh employers
to upset the least possible a historic weft which has never mentioned such
abnormalities ".
In
" Inverloch's spectres " and " Hypsis's
lightnings " (maybe the best scenario of Valerian's adventures, so much
humor is there present), Valerian, Laureline and a
company of funny beings have to prevent the trinity of Hypsis,
represented by God the Father bedonnant, a baba-cool Son and
a Holy Spirit to bandit - one-armed person's head, game, to provoke in 1986 a
nuclear disaster which will ruin the creation of Galaxity. Now it
is exactly this disaster which will be at the origin of the creation of Galaxity, as
points out him(it) Mister Albert, attached(fastened) ground of Galaxity in the
20è, in the Trinity: " Then, if you organize this preventive turn of which
went out formerly Galaxity, it will be
necessary for you to begin again everything because the same causes will
reproduce the same effects! It will make very bad impression(printing) on your
colleagues ". Now it is a question exactly of impressing the colleagues.
In brief, it seems that Galaxity can disappear. But
exactly, if the turn does not occur, Will Galaxity be able
to develop?
One
finds besides a rule expensive to The Patrol of Time, of Vernes or Anderson, but not
to Asimov; so, Laureline points out to the
man of his(her) heart: " You know the rule(ruler). No rough interferences
with the visible historic progress ".
As
the Patrol of the time which uses(employs) Bob Morane, Galaxity refreshed
of a host computer which controls the class(course) of the history. As the
Patrol of the time of Anderson, Galaxity and the
temporal journey were created in the 24è century, in 2314 , and, as she(it), it
established temporal relays in all centuries. So, the armoured sieve which gets
ready to open Valérian is surmounted with
the warning: " ATTENTION, you enter the 11è century ". Valérian journey
in a spatio-time, but the most interesting, it is that it(he) makes him(it)
"immediately", what one meets rarely at the hero& of fiction.
The
temporal traveler can not take that weapons of the time which he
invests(surrounds), " to avoid any technological interference between
various times ". The agent finds on the spot clothes of time and "
the material necessary for the education mnemonics immediate of the
common(current) language " of the considered, material century which also
use(wear out) Bob Morane and the heroes of Silverberg.
Let
us note that it is with three days of delay on Xombul that
Valérian and Laureline is going to
cross(exceed) the 18 centuries who separate them from Galaxity, because
history begins in 2720. What is an abnormality.
The
album " The empire of the thousand planets " gives us an interesting
indication on the effects of the voyâge: "
Attention Elmir! First jump is always traumatizing and it is going to have
there some of it in the continuation(suite). Same Laureline and I let
us can be sure to survive it ". Naturally everybody will take out it. Let
us note that this series gives us numerous examples of "jumps"
through a shortcut of space-time, and allows so to distinguish them from jumps
in the time.
Let
us note that most of the stories stage beings, worlds and imaginary times, in a
more or less close future.
Whirlpool
------
Original
exploitation of the subject through parallel histories. Finally a story which
rests(bases) on numerous jumps in the time.
We
are in 1937. The professor Steinberg finalized(worked out) the machine to travel
in the time for Americans, taking bows on the Nazi regime which pursues the
same objective.
The
Commander, a high official of 3020, comes to the 20è century to try to discover
who can become the future despot of the world. It(he) discovered(found) to the
time the machine of the professor steinberg in the
desolation in a hangar. When it(he) arrives at the 20è century, the machine
destroys(annuls) itself because it materializes in a tree. The Commander
turns(returns) then to his time, follow-up by Tess and Campbell,
government officials American. In spite of negative appearances, the purpose is
noble. As for Tess and Campbell, they
fight with the rebellion which wants to knock down the power of 3020, of which
is a part exactly the Commander, before being considered as traitors. What will
not prevent Tess to be killed by Caliostro, the
tyrant who wants to knock down rebellion and in the sale of which(whom) he
thinks that is Tess. Campbell makes
then a small jump in past to prevent the arrest and Tess's murder.
Obviously, Campbell meets together with Tess himself.
As
rebellion
succeeded, the Commander saves Tess and two Campbell and
explains to them that in fact, the rebellion and
fought(disputed) him(her) the same enemy, Caliostro. But
meanwhile, Caliostro and Ziprinn, his lieutenant, run
away in the machine of the Commander. Our friends pursue them and find them in
2018 before Christ in Egypt. Ziprinn is there big prêtresse and Caliostro wants to
become the ultimate tyrant who will begin a conquète of all
the times of the history. Surprised by Tess and two Campbell, they
make a jump in 1937 by means of a machine in voyâger portable,
and appear in front of the just professor Steinberg after Tess and Campbell made
their jump in the future at the beginning of the history. Their objective,
councillor Adolf Hitler and to help him(it) to conquer world, before to
eliminate him(it).
During
this time, our heroes leave antique Egypt but the machine messes around and
here is who land in full Cretaceous in the middle of dinosaurs. To add to their
confusion, their machine sank into a swamp. But as they escape a troop of small
dinosaurs, on whom do they fall? On the come professor Steinberg to help
them. But here is that Campbell is removed and is
taken in the time by a strange vessel. It is about beings of the 181è century,
whom(that) Steinberg, Tess and Campbell join.
There, the strange beings explain to them that they travel regularly in the
time, that they brought life on the earth(ground), that they provoked the disappearance
of dinosaurs and favored the development of mammals and in particular man, in
their big displeasure because they realized that the man was a brute. They then
inspired him(her) the Tables of the Law, but noticing that it did not make
him(it) more reasonable, on the contrary, they decided not to intervene any
more in the history. Until the day when Caliostro decided
to become the Ultimate Tyrant. The future of all the universe is in game, and
so naturally that of the strange beings, which are the people of the future. Campbell made to
notice exactly to his(her) hosts whom themselves they built up themselves. But trève of
philosophic considerations! Campbell and Campbell goes to
1940 to stop(arrest) Caliostro and Ziprinn. Steinberg and Tess returns
in 1937 to tighten(stretch out) a trap at the two madmen. Unmasked with Campbell in 1940, Caliostro and Ziprinn goes
effectively to 1937 and is destroyed(annulled) due to Campbell, being
dying, who sacrifices himself to eliminate them.
Finally
a story enamelled by numerous jumps in the time. Very interesting also interest
granted(tuned) to the achronissage: failed in the
Cretaceous, the professor Steinberg builds a wooden armature to prevent the
sphere from running(driving) during the appearance in a new time.
Bob
and Bobette
--------------
The
adventures of Bob and Bobette contain probably the
biggest sample of the conceivable techniques to travel in the time - always in
past? Hypnosis by a tramp who sends by the dream our heroes to the time which
they wish, in " The island of Amphoria ",
in " The helmet tartare " on Marco
Polo's meeting, " The treasure of Beersel " ,
" The gladiator mystery "...
The
mirror broken in " The king drinks " , " The mansion of cognedur ".
Supernatural
intervention: The Spanish ghost.
Different
passages: " The treasure of Fiskary " ,
" Lambiorix king of Eburons " ,
" Margot the lunatic " , " The musketeers endiablés "
The deafening frigate "...
The
télétransformatic of the
professor Barabas in " The teuf-teuf club
"; the télétemps in Tram driver, Lambique baba, The
small sputter, Rubens's rapin, Panics on Amsterdam and counts the other
adventures.
Robert
Rouyet, In the Evening, 13/08/91: " After all, to travel through ages,
nothing is worth a suited vehicle and a machine to to go back up(raise) time,
it is still it that one invented of more practical ".
Bob
and Bobette have so the occasion to cross(go through) all the
history. But at any moment, the author, Willy
Vandersteen, individual in the prodigious imagination, does not exploit(run)
the other possibilities offered by the reality of the movement in the time.
Timoleon
--------
Time is money,
4 steps in the future, Joseph le Borgne (Alexis and Fred, Dargaud 1975, A
West winds 1992)
My
blow of heart.
Here
is what wrote Hergé on April 4, 1974 to the draftsman
Alexis: " Dear friend, I thank you - a little late, and I kindly request
you to excuse it - for " Time is money " that
you had the kindness to dedicate me. I had already followed history in Pilot
where, from the front page, it had seduced me and had knocked by its strange
and absurd character, and by the elegance of the drawing: it was made in a way
that, at once, one believed in it. This good impression(printing) confirmed in
second reading, what appears to me an excellent criterion. Bravo so to the
draftsman, and Bravo to the scriptwriter which(who) made a
success of this exploit! Thank you still! Friendly to you, Hergé ".
Time is money
rests(bases) on a very original and cynical idea, what makes her(it) realistic:
" They travel in the Time for some
money(silver) " as the announcement the endpaper of every album.
Useless
to say that it will not bring back(report) them anything else that troubles.
Morality is safe.
As
usual, Fred, the scriptwriter, has the art to describe absurd
situations. And so his hero, Timoléon, is representative
in machines to roll cigarettes. The machine weighs three tons, what does not
prevent Timoléon to concern her(it) the back in a region where houses
are remote some of the others of several kilometres. Furthermore, when the
owners do not smoke the pipe, they do not simply appreciate the tobacco. Let us
clarify that the machine presents the advantage to roll cigarettes within three
hours. Timoléon eventually met the professor Stanislas. Stanislas made a
" machine to go back up(raise) time ", of what he reconnait the lack
of originality because " since Wells until Valérian, many
people travelled in the time ", to add immediately " but nobody,
ANYBODY has ever had the idea to travel in the time for some money(silver)!
". Here is Timoléon in "
storekeeper of time " who has to go to 1469 in Florence to suggest to
Léonard de Vinci, who is still only 17 years old, to paint Joconde, and to
buy him(her) then the picture(table) for next to nothing. Timoléon points
out to Stanislas that the picture(table) is in the Louvre; on what the
scholar bursts out laughing: " Well then? Léonard will paint Joconde only in
1507. If you decide on him(it) to paint her(it) in 1469, Joconde of the
Louvre will become a copy... HA! HA! HA!...
A copy... Joconde, a copy of Joconde, Léonard
plagiarized by Léonard!! HA! HA! HA!
". The hic, it is that Léonard whom Timoléon meets
draws as a foot. Return in the 19è century. Stanislas decides
to send back(dismiss) Timoléon in 1506, or one year
before he combs the picture(table). Regrettably, an error of manipulation sends
Timoléon in 1513.
The picture(table) is sold and Léonard takes himself seriously, pretending at
first not to recognize his friend " toto ". It(he) refuses to paint
another Joconde, even smaller, by fear to underestimate the market.
Stanislas has to
envisage another way of enriching. It(he) has a new brilliant idea, but as he
is going to reveal her(it) to his partner, he slides on a skin of banana
thrown(cast) by Timoléon and breaks the leg.
A new brilliant idea fuses to remedy this setback. Stanislas is going
to go back up(raise) in the just time before Timoléon
throws(casts) the skin of banana on the ground. But if he explains to Timoléon how to
send him(it) 1. 20 ' to past, it(he) forgets to explain to him(her) how to
return him(it). Stanislas arrives so 1. 20 '
earlier, but he stumbles in the stair of the cellar. Timoléon of past
visits what happens and is quite surprised falling nose with nose with the professor
whom it has just left with table. It(he) goes back up(raises) to see Stanislas to slide
on the skin of banana which it(he) had thrown(cast) before coming down(falling)
in the cellar. During this time, or rather 1. 20 ' later, Timoléon decides
to return 1. 20 ' in past to ask the professor how to return him(it) in the
present. One believes to dream! The hic, it is
that there is no more anybody in the future to return them. And the machine is
not settled(fixed), it always works in the present. To use him(it) in past to
turn(return) to the present, or 1. 20 ' later, it is to run a risk of provoking
a short circuit.
One
hour and twenty passes and our two friends, always in the cellar, see their
copies sending Stanislas 2 to past. But
" it is necessary to prevent him(it) from leaving, otherwise we are going
to make of on the spot in past ", exclaims Stanislas 1. But
it(he) is too late! Stanislas 1 and Timoléon 1 decide
then to join Stanislas 2 in the past when
has so to be Stanislas 3 and Timoléon 3. "
It is all the same paradoxical! To be obliged to leave in past to try to join
present... ". They go so to the past of past. But in the fact, why? To
prevent Stanislas 2 to stumble in the stair and to allow him(her) to
prevent Timoléon 3 to throw(cast) the skin of banana. New setback. Stanislas and Timoléon goes back
up(raises) too much far in past. It gives occasion to Stanislas to meet
while it(he) is only finalizing(working out) the machine to travel in the time.
Stanislas is going
to give himself a help and to end the machine whereas Timoléon eats a
banana and throws(casts) the skin on the ground. Naturally the young person Stanislas slides
above and breaks himself the leg. When sound he elder son(brother) wants to use
the machine to return to its present, he threatens to kill him(it), what the
elder son(brother) answers that it would be of the suicide. Skillful variant of
the paradox of the grandfather which does not create paradox. Stanislas and Timoléon uses so
the machine but still to meet itself farther in past, or as Stanislas is only 8
years old. The most surprising, it is that the kid had already realized the
machine which he should elaborate only 50 years later.
The
accomplices are back finally in their time, but it is better to return to the
time, the future this time, when they will go for objects which do not still
exist in the 20è century, and which they will resell so for good price. Their
objective, to hawk between the future and the past. They arrive 5971. In this
time, everybody possesses a machine to travel in the time. They are taken in
machine stop by a family which is going to visit his(her) descendants, but they
are settled(fixed) " on the edge of time " by motorcyclists of time
and put in a temporal prison, which is really outside time. One learns of the
mouth of the motorcyclists that temporal movement is limited to 90 years in the
second. In the big surprise, Stanislas learns(teaches) as
well as the first machine to travel in the time was experimented only on
February 92 4278. Furthermore, machines can go only to the future. Stanislas sees
there the means to make fortune by commercializing the means to go to past. In
their exit of prison, Stanislas and Timoléon falls in
a temporal cork between 6413's and 6417. It is the occasion to see the biggest
concentration of machines in voyâger different from the
history of the BD. There is in this time 430 billion human beings The
earth(ground) can not all welcome them, then they invest(surround) different
times in the future. If they could go to past, human beings who live there, not
arranging machines to travel in the time, could not go to squat in the other
times.
Our
two accomplices are back in their time, but further to a blow of lightning, the
machine goes only to the Cretaceous and returns a brontosaurus.
In
the last album of Timoléon's adventures, Joseph le Borgne, arms dealer, comes
to go into hiding at his uncle's Stanislas's. To
escape the justice, it(he) is sent at Attila, king of Huns, 448.
Only Here we are, Attila is not interested in Joseph's weapons.
What pleases him(her), they are the swearwords that spits Joseph, and that he
is going to hurry to repeat to restore a failing authority. During this time,
in the 19è century, Stanislas's machine
stops(arrests). As a result, time stops(arrests) in the 5è century. When Stanislas repaired
his(her) machine, time recovers on the way. It is interesting to notice that
times would exist immovable, and that the putting on of the machine would
animate(stimulate) them. The authors give so unofficially their membership to
the conception of the time of Barjavel and Abbott.
But
certainly, the machine is disordered and Stanislas's manor
house meets itself three weeks in past, or as two pandores come to
stop(arrest) Joseph le Borgne in the manor house. But while Stanislas, Joseph
and Timoléon get ready to send the policemen to the Middle Age as
they had already made him(it) three weeks later, reliving the same events but with
the consciousness in more - what excludes a situation of pure determinism-, the
fire declares itself in the cellar. Stanislas sends Timoléon to look
for some water in past! Without joke, to prevent(warn) fire in past he does not
come to the spirit. But it is that is going all the same to make Timoléon. Problem,
it is that the fire " goes out " in the future while it did not set
in past. One will not want it to Alexis and Fred, whose
neurones had to be able of boiling to have so spryly to dare to face the
complex consequences of the journey in the time.
Three
classic stages: prehistory, recent, future past.
Thorgal
-------
In
" The boss of mountains ", the authors, the draftsman Rosinski and
the scriptwriter Van Hamme, evokes Ouroboros, the
snake which bites itself the tail, as metaphor of the buckle provoked by the
jump in the time of the persons.
But
one does not find precise indications on a possibility of travelling in the
time in will and whenever.
At
the beginning of the history, Thorgal is saved from the
death by an unknown who provokes an avalanche which swallows the one that was
going to bring(shoot) down him(it). Thorgal pursues
his(her) road and meets in an isolated house the young person Torric who tries
to escape the one that holds him(it) in slavery, Saxegaard. Thorgal finds a
ring which represents a snake which bites itself the tail. A beam collapses on
our friends and here is transported 37 years behind, in the same place, in the
spring while it was winter. They meet magnificent Vlana whose Torric falls in
love. Thorgal turns(returns) 37 years later. Torric lives
with her(it) but at the end of six months, she dies under bandits' knocks.
Invaded by the hatred, Torric becomes Saxegaard the boss
of mountains. It(he) has the time to think and to understand(include) that
it(he) can change past due to Thorgal. And so 37 years
later, (the last 20 years, 37-57, are parallel to the 20 first) Saxegaard-Torric comes to
see Thorgal in the house where he materialized some moments
earlier. To erase the doubts, Torric shows him(her) the
notch that he has just made 37 years in past. It is the proof that one can
change past and the future. Saxegaard orders Thorgal to go to
look for Vlana in past. Thorgal complies
and arrives in time to prevent the execution of Vlana by the
bandits. Thorgal says himself while Torric has no
more hatred and has more reason to become Saxegaard. But it
is without counting with the taste of power and Torric's luxury
which says himself that he could have power, wealth and young Vlana if it
joins him(it) in the future. Let us note a small incoherence: Saxegaard has just
said to Thorgal that he had all the time to understand(include) what
had been supposed to be he and Thorgal when they made a
jump in the time, but here it is Thorgal who
explains to still young Torric that they travelled in the time. Thorgal and Vlana makes so
a jump in the future, when Torric remembers for a long
time, but it is since a moment, of the slap that has just given to him Thorgal.
Skillfully, Vlana pulls(entails) Saxegaard in past
to show to Torric the pig that he is going to become. Not believing in
it, Torric kills (goodbye grandfather) himself. It(he) decides
then to turn(return) 37 years later and to kill Thorgal before it(he)
arrives home at the beginning of the history. Driven to despair, Vlana has to be
resolved to wait for 37 years to prevent Torric's
gesture. We are 37 years later, or at the beginning of the history: the unknown
who provokes the avalanche, it is Vlana who
became Saxegaard, the one that dies under the avalanche, it is Torric. The
buckle is curly. The buckle? That is it to it Torric what Thorgal meets in
the house? One has trouble believing that he was a slave of himself(itself),
even though it was him of his vices. Problem resout if he was
the slave of Vlana. But then, he was never Saxegaard and the
story has no more sense(direction). One finds the buckle developed by Barjavel. Scenario
does not develop the situation of the absolute determinism because history is
modified; one is not either in front of a case of temporal double exposure,
images give evidence it. The démulitplication of the branches of
universe to justify the class(course) of events stays. We shall return there.
Ogotaï's
crown contains a plan of the journey in the time.
Van
Hamme is one of the most brilliant scriptwriters of the years 80-90. Series
XIII and Largo Winch count numerous fans.
Van
Hamme develops subject in a sober way in The boss of mountains and of a way
much more searched Ogotaï's crown. Two stories do not answer. On the other
hand, one finds in Ogotaï's crown of references to the other Thorgal's
adventures and even the insertion of compartments of the other albums, of what
one finds the equivalent only in the legend Whirlpool. Some compartments of the
beginning of the story meet themselves in the end, reflecting the buckle of
time.
In
Ogotaï , Thorgal's crown leader of privateers believes to be called Shaïgan-sans-merci. It(he)
hesitates to send them to the plunder, a drive of humanism driving(guiding)
him(it). It is enough to compromise him with the eyes of his captains, who kill
him(it). During this time, Jolan, the son of Thorgal, is the
only survivor of the expedition in sea which he began with friend and friend to
find her relatives(parents) and his younger sister. When it(he) wakes up in the
bed, is welcomed by a strange person everything of dressed white. It is about Jaax the
Guard, a man come of 30000 years farther in the future. It(he) comes to get
back Ogotaï's crown, an anachronistic instrument fallen in the hands of a
malefic priest. The crown gives the power to read in thoughts. Jaax needs Jolan to find
the place where Thorgal threw(cast) the
crown to the water four years earlier. To convince him(it), it(he) makes with Jolan a jump of
thirty years in the future and shows him(her) the consequences of the use of
the crown by the priest. voyâgeurs returns at the time
of Jolan, who agrees to help Jaax provided
that Jaax then helps him(it) to find Thorgal, Aaricia and She-wolf.
Jaax and Jolan makes
this time a jump of four years behind. They hide behind a bush and Jolan can see
itself four years younger together with Thorgal himself.
The
next day, Jaax dives into the river and gets back the crown which
threw(cast) to it Thorgal. But of return at
the time normal of Jolan, or four years later, Jaax does not
hold his(her) promise to help Jolan to find his(her)
relatives(parents). More grave still, it(he) announces to him(her) that they
died. Dominating the sorrow, Jolan seizes the Traveler,
sabre to travel in the time of Jaax. As it(he) goes the rattrapper, Jaax is
knocked out by an appeared unknown of anywhere. It is really about Jolan fifteen
older years, who was prevented(warned) by himself(itself). Having
understood(included) the functioning of the Traveler due to the crown, the
young person Jolan makes a jump of fifteen years in the
future and goes older for fifteen himself. By caution, of fear that it(he)
arrives misfortune at the young person Jolan and no that
fate can come true, Jolan of twenty five years returns only
fifteen year old earlier to knock out Jaax. It(he)
begins then to go to save Thorgal. It(he) saves
him(it) effectively but can not return that Aaricia and
She-wolf. By caution, it(he) returns her(it) at her(it) before Jaax makes
his(her) appearance in their time. But "meanwhile", or rather
"however", Jaax was helped by another guard and,
holding Jolan, that he went fifteen years later, he surprises Jolan. Decided
to modify the weft of time modified. Then intervenes The Big come Guard to put
back(hand) of the order in this temporal mess. It(he) points out to Jaax that he
made an error by being allowed steal his Traveler and that he gets ready to
commit one bigger of it still by wanting to modify what Jolan and Jolan carried
out. The Guards have no right to intervene in the class(course) of events.
" This boy said well it: what is made is made. To return in the previous
situation would oblige us to act against the principles of our charter ".
The Big Guard sends back(dismisses) Jolan at the
beginning of the story and takes Jolan thirty
thousand years farther, to let fate take another class(course): " by
changing past, you changed the future, Jolan. Your
future, the fifteen years of solitude which you lived on your island will not
exist any more because the fate of the small Jolan will take
henceforth a different class(course) ".
Jolan can not
return to his(her) time because " there would be then simultaneously two Jolan of twenty
five years having led each a different life. It is this kind(genre) of paradox
that we have to avoid at all costs ". And Jolan can not
stay any more fifteen years behind because " he can not there have at the
same time Jolan of ten years and other one of the twenty five. By meeting
you as you made him(it), you touched disaster ". Jolan's death
would not resolve anything. Only solution, to go to the future and ever to
leave him(it).
As
for Jolan, he will not make wreck and will have the happiness
to see his alive friends. The spiral is boucl...
Coherent
the authors develop the same theory of the time as in The boss of mountains,
the theory that develops also Leloup.
More
searched and more elaborated still than The boss of mountains, and that most of
the stories of journeys in the time, any confused(merged) kinds(genres) - only
the scenario of the trilogy Return towards the future stronger fact still-,
crown of Ogotaï are also less credible. It should price be paid to
have dared to face the complex implications of a movement in the time.
Yoko Tsuno
----------
"
The spiral of time " is the first of Yoko Tsuno's adventures in which
intervenes a voyâgeur, in the occurence the
traveler of time Monya.
We
sum(dream) in Borneo in the end of twentieth century. Monya the last
countrywoman alive after the ground apocalypse which took place 3872, returns
in our time aboard her translateur to try to kill the
inventor of the bomb(spray) with contraction before he realized her(it). But it
is necessary to go back up(raise) farther in past. And so Yoko is going
to accompany him(it) on February 5, 1943 at precise 20 o'clock in a camp
steered by his(her) uncle. To convince of the truthfulness of Yoko's story,
this one phones to his(her) niece, only 13 year old, to ask him(her) how she
would call her child: " Yoko ", she answers,
of the name of the favorite doll. Monya and Yoko returns
then to 1980 to finish their mission. Monya decides
to stay in this time and answers Yoko, who asks
him(her) if she does not return to the future: " Foolhardy person! By
changing the future, we took place on a new spiral of time to which we belong
henceforth! " ; " In this new future, I would meet a very different
father and Monya n°2 which would return my story incrédible ".
We
have so a situation of determinism absolved with the phone call of the uncle of
Yoko to
his(her) mother and a situation of reduction with change of past and of future,
and a new spiral of time.
Leloup and Van
Hamme develops the same theory of time: concentric circles which one
crosses(goes through) by jumping from one to another.
"
The watchmaker of Brugge ".
At
invitation of the painter Van Laet, Yoko
goes(surrenders) in Brugge. The painter, old closely of five hundred years - he
discovered(found) the elixir of life-, asserts having painted Yoko's
portrait in 1545. Because she(it) did not keep(guard) any recollection of it, Yoko
understands(includes) that she has again to carry out this stage of her fate.
She contacts so her friend Monya who realizes her Translateur in Brugge.
Here is left in 1545 to prevent the naughty boy marquees of Torcello to seize
the formula of the black plague. Yoko is
wounded in the same way as Monya in The spiral of
time: a profound notch in the straight(right) shoulder.
Realized
in 1545, Yoko is disturbed: " Disrupted! All these people who,
for me, died for four centuries, move, speak and examine me as if they guessed
that I am not a part of their picture(table) ". Subtle this identification
of time invested(surrounded) in a picture(table), go out of motionless moment,
which Yoko, Monya and their friends
entered. Image of the image. Leloup takes care of
avoiding paradoxes, even though he hints at it by describing the appearance of
sparks when Yoko approaches the dress which she will carry(wear) and
carried(wore) in 1545, of the one that was made in the XXè century.
Later, or about 450 years earlier, Yoko takes
care of hiding from curious glances a plan of the canals which will be drawn
only seventeen years later: " Marcus Gerards
will draw him(it) in 1562, or in 17 years! It is imperative that nobody seizes
it ".
The
precision of the translateur stops(arrests) in
the minute. The transfer is made by dematerialization.
One
tries(feels) a feeling strange for the reading of Yoko's adventure: a determinism
a priori, an irresistible force, rather than the obligation to live something
which has already taken place, a determinism a posteriori.
"
The heavenly joncque " is occasion
for Yoko to go(surrender) to China and for his(her) father
Leloup to face finally paradoxes provoked by a movement in the time. Yoko meets the
professor Fung and his doctor, beautiful Lin-Po. Both
discovered(found) the grave of the third wife of the emperor Tchen Tsong, at
feet of her(it) " 7è tooth of the Dragon ", a prestigious mountain.
The junk which is of use of grave to the third wife, 6 year old at the time of
the death, contains an urn which contains the rests of the "heart" of
the small girl itself, heart which Lin-Po and Yoko believes
even to hear beating! Yoko is got(touched) by this history and
decides to go(surrender) on March 29, 1021 to clarify the causes of Sin-Yi's
death. Besides Lin-Po, she asks Monya to take
in her translateur Pol and Mieke, his(her)
small fiancée brugeoise of the 16è century.
Far-sighted, Mieke decides to take of the waterzooï: "
Of the waterzooï? In China! In the 11è century " ... " Well
then, she(it) learnt well to prepare him(it) in Brugge for the 16è ",
answers Pol.
One
teaches the passage that the biologic belt which have to carry(wear) the passengers
of the translateur serves for controlling cells during the
dematerialization.
Arrived
at the 11è century, Yoko realizes that Sin-Yi's death
is not accidental. She(it) was has to be murdered by a messenger of the king.
Naturally, Yoko is going to save Sin-Yi, but to
avoid provoking historic turnovers, she decides to take Sin-Yi with
her(it) to the 20è century. She(it) has a brilliant blow. She(it) places in the
doll which has to contain Sin-Yi's heart, a Walkman
with the recording of the beatings of the own heart. She(it) seals the object,
and convinces the emissary of the king that it is about Sin-Yi's heart.
Of return in the 20è century, Yoko finds in the urn
his(her) Walkman only older of some centuries, what says to him(her) to Lin-Po: " a
thing(matter) is sure: if we had not met, it(he) would have never been there
and the heavenly junk would not have contained any indication leading to Sin-Yi! ".
Confusion is going to disappear with the indication of the brilliant blow of
Bluff of Roger Leloup. It is necessary to return for it on
the page 16 of the album. Yoko sticks the urn
against his(her) ear: " It seemed to me that... No! I lose the head they
are the beatings of my own heart that I perceive in the silence of the cave!
". Extrèmement subtle on behalf of Leloup, because
what Yoko hears(understands), and who is going to decide on
her(it) to return to past, they are indeed the beatings of his(her) heart, but
that she will register(record) only eight centuries earlier. But blow of bluff,
because at this moment, the Walkman has really eight centuries: who said that
the pile Duracel was the pile which lasts for a long time, for a long time...
In front of such a paradox, because it is about the paradox of the knowledge, Yoko's will to
avoid disturbances of the history by returning Sin-Yi to the
20è century, seems very derisory. Hat all the same to Leloup.
As
Jacob, Leloup details(retails) "journey" in the time.
Mandrake
--------
At
the bottom(really), Lee Falk and Phil Davies,
the authors of Mandrake, are the most
logical of the authors who exploit(run) the subject of the journey in the time.
One can not again travel in the time. It is so necessarily of the future that
has to come the traveler of time. It is that they are going to show us through
two stories.
In
The swindlers of 5000 Mandrake is
"stunned". One asks him(her) to resolve the mystery of the
flight(theft) of uranium in the reserves of a base of the army into which
nobody was able to penetrate. Hidden in the room of reserves, Mandrake sees
materializing a man and a woman(wife) come of anywhere, and starting again in a
strange machine in shape of cage.
The
swindlers teach Mandrake that they come of
5000, to draw from the reserves of the base the uranium in scarcity in their
time, and who(which) is indispensable to their survival, because it(he) allows
them to fight(dispute) the Martians who want to conquer the earth(ground). The
travelers of time invite Mandrake to follow them in
5000. There, it(he) can realize the truthfulness of their story. But Mandrake is not at
the end of his(her) surprises, he learns that the young traveler of time is her
descendant: " I am your granddaughter of the hundred - twentieth
generation ". Mandrake learns at the same
opportunity that he will get married: " It is fantastic! I am in 5000, by
train to speak with one of my descendants ". Useless to clarify that in
the return in the 20è century, the close relations and the co-workers of Mandrake will
advise him(her) to go to rest(base) to erase the effects of the overwork.
In
The man who returns from future, Mandrake is
confronted with the same dutiful problem to convince his circle of
acquaintances of "insane" facts. A small mysterious man puts the city
in emotions by selling pills of youth. Mandrake part in
the search and discover that it is about a traveler of the time who comes of
5068. The interest of the story lives(lies) in the equipment of the traveler:
an invisible vessel, a momentary désintégrateur of
molecules, the pills of youth effect of which lasts only seven days...
But
the small man had no right to travel in the time. It(he) is looked for by the
police of the future which finds him(it) while Mandrake gets
ready to deliver him(it) to the police of the 20è century to have committed
theft under the threat: " It was necessary for us it to find you. We had
to investigate ten centuries!... We looked at first for the radiations of the
machine, but, I had a better idea!... I went to the museum and I saw which
clothes it(he) missed! Searches were so restricted to 10 years... ". A
game of influence exercises then among Mandrake and the
policeman of future. But while Mandrake succeeded in
disarming(moving) the policeman, another policeman of future appears of
anywhere behind him and disarms(moves) him(it,her); the sudden realization of
the traveler of time shows itself more effective than the power of Mandrake's
hypnotism. The three travelers of time will start again in their time under the
powerless glance of Mandrake, which will not
succeed in convincing the chief constable of the truthfulness of his story.
Patric
Maudick
---------------
(
P. Dumas, Glénat, on 1983) (The birds
of the devil and The night of the spider?)
The
meanders of time is one of the histories of journey in the time which I prefer,
because one the best elaborated. She is very complex and asks for a lot of
attention to seize with it all the subtleties. I leave care with the reader to
plunge there to know the details of it.
Patric
Maudick is a writer who is invited by a scholar in his castle. The scholar
suggests to him(her) sending him(her,it) to make a small stroll in the time.
In
the return, Maudick tries to understand(include) what he happened. It(he)
damaged the computer which controls journey in the time. Logically, it(he) was
not so able to use him(it) to meet itself in past. The author tries to
light(enlighten) the reader. " Note: Maudick takes the
machine and goes to past. It(he) disorders the computer, so the machine
walks(works) and was never able to take him(it) in past. But then, it(he) has
not obviously pû to disorder the computer and the
machine walks(works) perfectly, takes him(her,it) in the past when it damages
the computer etc.... "
Beautiful
effort of explanation of logical contradictions implied by the temporal
journey. At the bottom(really), we find there a variant of the Epiménide's
antique famous paradox the Cretan - which Gribbin also
evokes in " In search of the edge of time " - who
asserts that all the Cretan are liars. And naturally paradox evoked by Barjavel in The
careless traveler.
Scrameustache
----------------
The
dilemma of Khéna contains a very interesting analysis of the
psychological consequences of a passage in an another time, in the occurence the past,
the XVIè century. Is it an unique event in the stories of
journey in the time?
Khéna goes so
to the XVIè century and finds there his(her) relatives(parents),
who failed in this time accidentally. Khéna and Scrameustache have to
return to the 20è century. Separation is dramatic, Khéna is in
front of a dilemma, a Cornelian choice: to stay with his(its,her)
relatives(parents) in the XVIè century or return to
the familiar time without his(her) relatives(parents). Khéna chooses
second solution but promises to return in one year with Scrameustache to look
for his(her) relatives(parents).
In
The big return, the continuation(suite) of the Dilemma of Khéna, it is
question of future post-atomic as one can find it in the adventures of Valerian and Bob
Morane. One year passed. In 1553, the father of Khéna exploits(runs)
the ground magnetic field and the abnormal telluric currents in a cave to
create a door of time. This one opens on the 2857 when lands Bérengère, the
younger sister of Khéna, before the door closes on her(it). As
betrotheds, Khéna and Scrameustache go for the
relatives(parents) of Khéna, meanwhile reached(affected) by the
plague, in 1553 , before getting back Bérengère in 2857.
In 2857, Bérengère got acquainted of a little boy who follows the
education of very serious bosses to learn to master the powers which are in
him, notably telekinesis. When Khéna and Scrameustache comes to
look for Bérengère, the young follower to point out to his(her) boss,
who wonders of the perplexity: " Yes, because Khéna returns
to his(her) present, which for Bérengère is future while for
me, it is the past ". Let us note that if the authors Gos and Walt had
chosen 1503's and 2907, instead of 1553 and 2857 , is to deprive 50 years of
the XVIè century to add them to the XXIXè century,
one would have obtained by subtraction of the smallest number of the biggest
number, difference 1404, and by addition of these two numbers, sum 4410, is two
numbers consisted of the same figures. Do not look for the report with the
sauerkraut!
During
the journey of the vessel of Scrameustache towards the past,
one sees the recession(drop) of time through the inverse revolutions of the
earth(ground).
Spirou and Fantasio
------------------
The
watchmaker of the comet tells descent in the time, by the comet of Halley, Champignac's Aurélien,
a descendant of the count of Champignac. It(he) can travel
only in times of passage of the comet, every 76 years.
But
while Aurélien wants to show to Spirou and Fantasio the
reliability of his(her) machine, this one falters and here is our friends prisoners
of Moyen-Age, in 1531 more exactly, in the forest palombienne colonized
by Portuguese. During an interrogation developed the muscle by the Portuguese
invaders, the temporal invader Fantasio has these funny
words: " In fact, I came of future, it is simple and my friends also, but
it is a previous future and because of an imperfect transfer, we here is in
your present but the past, for us! "
In
The alarm clock of Z, Spirou and Fantasio makes a
jump of 50 years in the future to go to save Champignac's Aurélien,
descendant of the Count, the claws of dwarfish, downward Zorglub of the
worst enemy of Spirou and Fantasio. While in
"Isabelle" one sees an itinerant museum, here Spirou and Fantasio succeeds
in a museum from time to 2062. As the hero of the short story(piece of news) of
the brothers Bogdanoff, Aurélien is mocked by his
colleagues whom he does not succeed in convincing of the possibility of the voyâge.
Regrettably, an individual believes him(it): Zorglub. Now Zorglub intends
to enrich his(her) army with people stolen from the past, by having care of
choosing " individuals having had a life without incidence on the future
or promise to a fatal accident not to influence the class(course) of the fate
", as Ming takes there care he also. The nail of the album
consists in the meeting among Spirou and Fantasio and their
respective descendants who are mean beings in Zorglub's sale:
"... The best families have their lame ducks ", points out Aurélien.
There
is an adventure drawn by Jijé in whom Spirou goes to
the future.
Luc
Orient
----------
In
Meeting at 20 hr in hell, Luc Orient discovers a photo of March, 1945 which he
carries(wears) an uniform of German officer and where he is attached(fastened)
to a post, on the point to be executed. The photo is a part of archives of the
Russian army kept(guarded) secret for a half a century and henceforth
accessible(approachable) to the general public. " Material Proof of a past
which was not yet lived... Our small brains have not yet understood(included) that
everything exists at the same moment! " The professor Kala, the employer
of Luc Orient says. And the free arbitrator of Luc? Lora, the
co-worker of Luc, does not agree so that it(he) tempts the adventure to return
to past. But the curiosity of Luc is too strong, it(he) can not allow to pass
such an opportunity. Let us note that East could very well go to stroll in a
less dangerous Time. To verify if return in the Time was
possible, the professor Kala sent to the past of the elements which he got back
in the Russian archives. Luc Orient is going so to travel aboard " Time
Travelling Torpedoes ", goes out of submarine because the water
establishes(constitutes) the best " inter-temporal vector ". "
It is the element which underwent least alterations through centuries... Most
of the stream are always in the same place ". The water allows besides the
cooling of the machine which undergoes a sudden temperature of a million
degrees at the Time of the impact. The machine stored some
energy for the return. Luc has a mass of historic information which will allow
him(her) to merge in his(its,her) new Time.
Offended
to see Luc throwing(casting) himself into the mouth of the German wolf, Lora dives
into a TTT and dives into the time.
Luc
rises in the second TTT to join her(it) in 1945: " This
second device is settled(adjusted) to join the first with 3 ' of distance in
the time hem " premises " and 20 m from distance, to avoid the risks
of collision ". General who steers operation, at least for the shape:
" If we had a third device, I would be well to see in the future if it(he)
returned ". Luc arrives in 1945, pulls(fires) Lora of the
claws of the SS and returns a native of this time. During the stay in 1945, Luc
Orient asks for if he réintègrera the time. Now,
it(he) has no memory to be met throughout the existence, it is so that it(he)
was able to return to 1996. If it(he) had aged in past, it(he) would have been
able to meet himself(itself) before dying, the old age joining the youth.
It(he) can have saved(spared) himself naturally also this meeting.
The
castaways of time
----------------------
Adventure
told by Tronchet in the review Lived on Glénat is a
small jewel of humor and mockery. It is about a farce, about a parody of
journey in the time, but so turned well as she(it) is worth being quoted. The
hero, Raymond Calbuth, French more than means with the glasses with big frames
and big glasses, offered himself a quartz watch. It(he) shows her(it) in bobonne by train
to go back, the head covered with curlers. But surprised, while he lives in
1992, his watch indicates 19:53. Bewilderment, the couple has just fallen in a
spatiotemporal fault and to go back up(raise) time. bobonne has a
brilliant idea: due to the winder (sic), they will be able to return in their time.
But after all, why not to take advantage of it to visit another time, Beautiful
Time, for the rustles which bobonne love so much. It
left: 19:05, then 19:39 to try to warn the population against the Nazism. Lost
punishment, people do not understand(include).
Time
continues to pass: 19:56 , 19:57 , 19:58, 19:59 20:00! Bewilderment. One passes
directly from 1959 to 2000. " There is a gigantic spatiotemporal hole
" Raymond exclaims. They are blocked(surrounded) in 2000.
Loose
-------
There
is hundred albums of comic strip which exploit(run) the subject of the journey
in the time. Here is an outline of the adventures of the most popular heroes,
who contain some interesting elements for our enquète.
The
Léonard le Génie's album 20 doubtless presents the "machine" to
travel in the time the most nice. In the gag(joke) " A good dough ",
the good "maid Mathurine" uses the machine to to go back up(raise)
the time of Léonard to discover that it is herself(itself) who, in a state of somnanbulisme, ate the
cake that she had prepared some hours earlier.
Léonard's
board and board of the Motorcyclists uses the same principle as in " An
unlimited day ": the hero returns ceaselessly to immediate past always to
live the same adventure.
An
adventure of Brilliant Olivier, in the album 6, contains a very interesting
idea which I did not find anywhere else: Olivier makes a jump in 2000 and ages
of numbers of years which he crossed(exceeded) due to his(its,her) "
mini-carrier gone(taken) up in bracelet ". Problem for him who wanted to
escape the constraints of child's life, it is that he sees itself
loaded(charged) with heavier responsibilities still, and especially than he has
no recollection of this period. It(he) did not acquire knowledge with the age.
Problem for us, it is that it does not meet its double(copy).
The
adventures of Morganloup's Cranach, The traveler of doors and Naja's blue
stone, present us finally a person surprised by what arrives at him(her).
In
Hunting in vessels pirates, Luc Bradefer lives an
interesting adventure. Bradefer is an American hero
who calls back(reminds) furiously Flash Gordon, alias Guy l' Eclair. The
interest of the story lives(lies) in the pursuit of Bradefer's
Chronoscaphe by temporal buns: they play a game of temporal hide-and-seek. Why?
Because the scholars of Kalpa are convinced that Bradefer's
Chronoscaphe is the prototype of temporal bun which disappeared of their museum
of sciences.
The
machine to investigate time, classical author of the classical authors(classics),
fundamental work which threw(launched) what is becoming the subject of
consideration privileged by the scriptwriters and the creators of any
kinds(genres), was adapted in comic strip. But it is necessary to recognize
that adaptation BD of the Wells's famous novel is well far from containing the
wealth of its model.
In
Sophie and the breath of the dragon, one finds the original idea of a museum
established(constituted) in a vessel of time, with human beings' specimens of
different times. The idea of the museum returns at Wells, in Natacha.
Exactly,
in Natacha's adventures, Immediate for Caltech and The
vague machines, the authors present us a Humanity of the 25è century, humanity
blank as at Wells and Barjavel. The museum which
one discovers to it collects the ancètres of Andros, these
robots which travel in the time: robots, tape recorders, cameras, computers...
Funny!
Same
Astérix and Obélix travel in
the time, in twelve Astérix's works. It is a
question from a cartoon of which was pulled(fired) an illustrated work. Astérix and Obélix results
in a metro entrance, in the 20è century. It is a sort of forward-looking
archaeology.
Bréchéliant's
door is the story of a journey in the time limited at the time of the forest of
Brocéliande. The athmosphère is tense
and alarming, fascinating. One can draw a parallel with " The spell of the
yellow shadow ", an adventure in which Bob Morane lands at the same time.
But the treatment by Rodolphe and Ferrandez is very
different from that of Vernes. They try hard to thwart the traps of
the logic by justifying the passage of the count in Moyen-Age by the
role of Axe which it had it to play; they justify anachronisms (pipes, watches,
cameras) by deducing that these objects did not leave archaeological tracks and
that the technology of Moyen-Age is too much little
developed to reproduce them. Fate is not falsified, does not there displease Bradbury whose
hair would raise(draw up) certainly on the head if it knew scenario.
Originality
of the way of transporting which allows Tancrède to
maintain his(her) boss prisoner in past for its good.
The
Centaurs are mythological persons - maybe the only ones to travel in the time -
staged by Seron, who meet themselves in different times when they
cross(spend) a majestic door. But they do not succeed in joining Olympe. Let us
note that they always fall in the middle of a conflict:
War
of Secession, serfs' revolt in Moyen-Age...
Return
towards Fürher, most stupid day, sends Helmut, soldier
of the IIè REICH, in the future, in Germany of the IIIè REICH,
where one confuses(merges) him(it) with Hitler whom it
looks like strangely. The machine goes to the future with Helmut, stays a
day, returns in past a day after its departure, exists until the day when it
meets in the future itself. So, the draftsman should have represented two
machines to travel in the time, but he represented it only one. Besides, the
professor who sends Helmut in the future, exists 3 months later,
so he can not have been executed with Oberoberfürher which
thinks that experience(experiment) failed.
In
Extraterrestrials' columns(chronicles), the extraterrestrials of Devos
invest(surround) prehistory, Greek antiquity, the end of the 19è century, the
first and second world wars. But it is more about craftiness scénaristique than
about joint exploitation of the subject of the journey in the time.
Finally,
Cloc's word, the only comic strip which exploits(runs) systematically the
subject of the journey in the time in histories of a board, next to stories of
44 boards.
CHAPTER
3: films, series, broadcasts(emissions,issues)
------------------------------------
Let
us review at the moment impossible to circumvent film and television
references. The exploitation of the subject of the journey in the time benefits
there from average often very successful persons with a strong visual sense.
FILMS
-----
Return
towards the future
--------------------
It
is the pearl of the films of the kind(genre), and maybe same the best scenario
any confused(merged) kinds(genres). Zemeckis's trilogy is THE reference of the
stories which
involve(put at stake) movements in the time. All the paradoxes are
approached there and the psychological reactions of the persons described in a
coherent and panting(breathless) story. But the real trump card of the film lives(lies)
doubtless in the fact that the director does not pull(entail) us in the usual
spectacular times in this type of story. It(he) travels us in past and future
close relations, enough close so that Marty, the
young hero, can meet and its relatives(parents) at the time of their first
flirtations himself. Jump in the most distant time sends Marty to Far-west of the last century. One becomes
identified so easily with the person. Let us add that another
"person" gained(won) celebrity in the adventure: the DeLorean aboard which Marty and CD-ROM Brown make their jumps
in the time.
First
shutter(sector): We are in 1985. The professor CD-ROM Brown rolls his DeLorean in of 88
miles an hour so that it crosses(exceeds) the wall of the time of one minute in
the future, with the dog Einstein in the edge. Journey
is immediate for Einstein but the others have
to wait for 1 '.
On
the frame - meter time, the birth of the Christ is indicated by 25/12/0000!!!
It
is then in Marty's tour to make a jump in recent past, in 1955 ,
exactly when its relatives(parents) met. But as the quits DeLorean 1985, Marty sees
CD-ROM Brown be brought(shot) down by gangsters. Arrived in 1955, Marty
goes(surrenders) at once at CD-ROM Brown, 30 years younger, than he succeeds in
convincing of the reality of the journey in the time, but to whom he does not
dare to reveal tragic fate. It(he) will be resolved to tell everything in a
letter which it(he) will leave with CD-ROM, but which this one has to read only
in 1985. " It will be hard to wait for 30 years to speak with you of what
arrived - but they did not speak about it in the future, and for cause ",
exclaims Marty. CD-ROM does not want that they speak about future.
Marty modified
present in past in the point that his(her) own future is modified. Besides, Marty is
accommodated by his grandparents, who ignore naturally that it is about their
grandson before the letter. Marty gets acquainted of
his(her) adolescent mother. The hic, it is
that the mother putative of Marty falls in
love with Marty, that she calls Pierre Cardin - it is a skillful way
of flattering(patting) the public French speaker-, because it carries(wears) a
pullover of the couturier which carries(wears) his(its,her) name - Pierre
Cardin is still only a person of obscure repute in this time.
We
here is in the ball during which the future relatives(parents) of Marty are going
to flirt for the first time. A musician does not well feel(smell), the ball is
going to have to break off, what would be dramatic because it hypothèquerait the
flirtation of the relatives(parents) of Marty. It is to
count without musician's talent of Marty which rises
on scene and plays the guitar so that the ball continues. A moment of Georges's
hesitance, the father, to invite its beautiful, and Marty to begin
to disappear, oscillating among the being and the non-being. Situation similar
to that of the Traveler Foolhardy person, but in less dramatic consequences,
because the father of Marty decides finally to invite the mother of
Marty to dance.
In the end of the ball, Marty is allowed go to play
extraterrestrial's music: of the rock n roll. One lets with you imagine the
effect of surprise in the room, punctuated with the immortal answer of Marty: "
You do not love? It is not grave, you will love ". On the parking, the
father of Marty puts a cuff in Beef's face, a naughty boy who laughed
ceaselessly at him and who wanted to prick him(her) his fiancée.
Marty returns
to 1985 reassured on the future of his(its,her) past, but frightened not to
find any more CD-ROM Brown. It returns 10 ' earlier than at the time of the
first jump in the time, to prevent the murder of his friend, but he can not
change the class(course) of the history. It(he) sees again(revises) CD-ROM
Brown be brought(shot) down, and he sees himself leaving 1985 aboard his DeLorean. It(he)
approaches CD-ROM and, surprised, he gets up just like that while one has just
riddled him(it) with balls. It is that CD-ROM Brown kept(guarded) the letter
which Marty had given to him(her) in 1955, read it and so
discovered(found) what was going to arrive at him. It(he) so dressed(took on) a
waistcoat bullet shield. Among us, it(he) looks for complication, the CD-ROM,
it was maybe more simple to go to stroll in a better frequented place. Now so,
our friends finally modified continuum space-time, contrary to what wished
CD-ROM.
Second
shutter(sector): Aboard the flying DeLorean, Marty makes a
jump until 21/10/2015 together with his(her) girlfriend Jennifer to prove
to him(her) that journey in the time is possible. Unbelieving, Jennifer falls
asleep on a bench, and it is there that abandons him(it) Marty. Marty
goes(surrenders) then " to him " to confide 30 older years
himself(itself), married with Jennifer and father of a boy
stopped(arrested) for flight(theft). The objective of Marty is
naturally to avoid the detention of his(her) son.
Let
us indicate to the passage the remarkable "reconstruction" of the
futuristic world: shoes with automatic lacing-up, waiters(servers) broadcast in
the snack bar, skateboard-glisseur...
Marty managed
to pull(fire) his(her) future shoot of embarrassment. History is modified,
change, under the eyes of Marty, the title of the
newspaper which announced the arrest of his(her) son, proves him(it,her).
It(he) is time then for Marty to care about Jennifer: " I
hope that one is going to find her(it) before she(it) is herself(itself)
".
But
it(he) is too late, Jennifer meets herself. Let
us raise(find) a small error: Jennifer of 2015 must not be
surprised seeing Jenny of 1985 because she knows since this meeting that she
will meet in the future. Only Jenny of 1985 has to fall from bare by seeing
itself ".
His
saved son, Marty buys an almanac which will allow him(her) to bet and
to gain(win) a lot of money(silver) once of return in his(its,her) time,
because it will know the classes(courses) of the stock exchange(scholarship)
and the exit of all the contests of the championship of football. CD-ROM Brown
is angry: " I did not invent the machine to travel in the time to bet but
to travel in the time ".
Marty and
CD-ROM Brown return in 26/10/1985, BUT past is changed; the city is upside
down, as time; the mother of Marty became poivrote and
remarried, the father of Marty died 15/03/1973;
" The break of the continuum space-time produced a new sequence stopwatch
- événementielle: it is one 1985 parallel(parallel line) ". How is it
possible? It is Beef, a hooligan of 2015 who had been
thrashed by the father of Marty in 1955, who stole
the DoLorean and the almanac in 2015, and who him(her,it) gave
himself in past, in 1955 exactly, before returning in 2015. It(he) grew rich,
he became the most powerful man of the United States. Marty can bite
himself fingers; it(he) understands(includes) the immorality to use the
almanac. It is necessary to try to modify modification, but nothing serves for
returning to the future to prevent Beef to steal
the DeLorean and the almanac, because it is a new future. It is
necessary to return to past, as present forks(turns off), is 12/10/1955, day of
the thunderclap which allowed Marty to return to 1985 in
the 1-st shutter(sector) of its adventures. Marty and
CD-ROM Brown have to leave old Beef to give the almanac
to young Beef. Let us note that Marty and
CD-ROM Brown is in double copy in 1955, Marty finding
sound he of the 1-st shutter(sector), and CD-ROM Brown joining sound he thirty
years younger. Doc2 meets so Doc1, what is worth us this surrealist dialogue:
" Maybe that one will meet a future day " Doc1, " Or a last day
" says, retorts Doc2. The hic in everything that
-And
the scriptwriter remains coherent in his incoherence because he makes an error
of the same type with Jenny-, it is that these meetings did not take place in
the first shutter(sector): that seems stupid to say in a type of story where
logic is broken for whom better better, but this situation is impossible, while
it would have been plausible if the persons had been in double(copy) from the
first shutter(sector), taken in an absolute determinism. But naturally, it
returned the too complex story.
"
I have a vague impression(printing) of already seen " Marty says by
seeing his(her) father spreading(widening) the young person Beef after the
ball. Two Marty and Doc2 have to leave. It is the effect of
distribution. Future is back. CD-ROM 2 disappears in a thunderclap; Marty1
returns to 1985 in the DeLorean. Marty2, still under
the shock of the disappearance of CD-ROM Brown, receives then from a clerk of
Western Union, a letter which she(it) possesses for 70 years. It is the letter
of CD-ROM which announces that it(he) is in 1885, there where the flash of
lighting sent him(it). Marty has to ask for Doc1's help(assistant),
frightened to see appearing, while he believed to have sent back(dismissed)
him(it) in 1985 in the same flash of lighting which sent Doc2 in 1885, "
Of return of future ". CD-ROM Brown has not yet finalized(worked out) the
machine to investigate time. It(he) is going to need to put narrow-minded
double(copy).
Third
shutter(sector): Especially since the news of 1885 are not reassuring. Marty and
CD-ROM find an article and a photo of CD-ROM in an encyclopedia and learn that
CD-ROM died 7/09/1885. Doc1, living well that one, makes exploit and succeeds
in sending Marty in 1885. One teaches the passage that the dog of
CD-ROM in 1955, it is Copernic.
"
You should not have these futuristic shoes in 1885. You should not even have to
have them today in 1955 ", he points out CD-ROM before leaving. And here
is Marty left for his(its,her) " meeting in past with the
CD-ROM of future ". Arrived in 1885, Marty lands in
the desert and is pursued with a troop of Indian. It manages to hide the DeLorean, fallen
out of order, in a cave. Ever out of order of humor and of conveniently, Marty appeals Clint Eastwood.
He meets his ancestors. It(he) even holds in the hands his great-grandfather,
first Mac Flight of America.
"
I would never like having invented this infernal machine. She(it) engendered
only misfortunes and disasters ", moans a day CD-ROM Brown, in grips with
bandits' band(strip) which killed him(it), according to the information which
it will discover, discovered(found) with Marty in the
encyclopedia in 1955. Especially since CD-ROM explains to Clara, the
young come schoolteacher to settle down in the city and with which he fell in
love, with which he has to return to the future. She(it) slaps him(it), she(it)
does not believe in the cock-and-bull story. " The future is not written,
each can change his ", try to make understand him(her) CD-ROM, which does
not want to go to hold company in towards. It(he) decides finally to face the
fate. But it is necessary to send back(dismiss) Marty in 1985.
Now the DeLorean is out of order. A single solution: to put the car on
the rails of railway and to take advantage of the passage of the train to push
her(it). The steam horse has never reached(affected) the speed of 88 miles an
hour, but the scriptwriter is full of resources and the arms of still rather
strong CD-ROM Brown to fill(perform) the boiler in an infernal rhythm.
One
can say that the engine of 3 films consisted in turning the engine of the DeLorean. Marty and
CD-ROM say to themselves goodbye and Marty
disappears towards the future.
One
finds Marty 27/10/1985 at 11 hr. It(he) sits with Jennifer along the
rail, to remember itself the adventures with CD-ROM. Suddenly, the nail of the
trilogy: CD-ROM appears from past in the train with Clara and their
two children, Jules and Verne.
Happy end!
Terminator
----------
The
other classical author(classic) of the cinema of science fiction, James
Cameron's film offers us Arnold Schwarzenegger at
the top of its muscular shape and with a face cut in the axe.
Los
Angeles 2029. Apocalyptic landscape. Machines dominate world and try to
eliminate the last human beings. But these, with John Connor in
their head, are about to invert balance of power.
Los
Angeles 1984. A bare man appeared from the nothingness in a deserted district.
Really, it is about Terminator, a cyborg sent with
the computers of 2029, with for mission to bring(shoot) down Sarah Connor, the
future mother of the future leader of the human rebellion which will lead the
people to the victory against machines.
At
the same moment in the same district appears another bare individual, man this
time, messenger by John Connor with for mission to thwart the
mission of the cyborg.
"
To make a success of any movement in the time, we must be bare. The only ones
of alive bodies can move. Nothing of what is material(subject) can not move
", what explains why the messengers of future did not take sophisticated
weapons of their time with them.
Kyle, because
it is a question him, is stopped(arrested) and is taken a madman. The
psychiatrist who interrogates him(it): " And this Terminator thinks of
being able to manage to kill(abolish) the mother of his enemy, the exhausting,
if I understand(include) well , even before he is conceived. A sort of
retroactive abortion ". It(he) would not have been of use to anything in
the hypersophisticated computers of 2029, to kill John Connor by
their Patrols of the death because it(he) gained(won) war. It is necessary
" to erase any track of his existence ". Kyle can not
start again in his(its,her) time because " future lives(remains) future.
There is only he and I ".
Effectively,
the film consists of a mad car chase through Los Angeles among Schwarzie-Terminator and Kyle and
Sarah. In a moment of respite, Kyle has the time to
recite to Sarah the poême which his(her) leader John
learnt(taught) him(her): " Thank you Sarah for your courage during these
hard years. I can not help you or to defend(forbid) you how I would wish it,
but know that future depends on you, that you have to triumph over all the
tests. It is necessary that you survive so that I can be born ". After
this beautiful statement, Sarah falls in Kyle's arms to
offer us one of the most beautiful shoots of temporal paradoxes which evokes
this attempt: Sarah and Kyle make love, Sarah will have been so
sowed by a father who is younger than his(her) son, or at least of the same
generation as him. Kyle will die, Terminator will be
destroyed(annulled). Sarah survives and registers(records) a message for her
son, in whom she reveals him(her) who is her father, so that it(he) sends
him(it) to past when the time comes, if it(he) wants to exist. Sarah joins a
photo of herself(itself) whom(that) John should
give to Kyle. The buckle is almost curly finally, because there is
a continuation(suite)! At any rate, computers ultra-perfected of 2029 signed
their own loss because by sending Terminator to
eliminate the future mother of their future winner(conqueror), they provoked
sending by their enemies of the one that is going to become the leader of the
rebels!
Timecop
-------
Let
us stay with the big arm! This film is worth us Jean-Claude Van Damme's
presence in an adventure in the excellent scenario, what had to confuse
him(it)!
Van
Damme and her woman(wife) are surprised in the jump in the bed by murderers.
The woman(wife) dies. Vandam,
policeman of time, comes through it. He waits for 10 years to return to past to
save his woman(wife). It(he) had the time to understand(include) what happened.
It is the mad senator who decided to kill him(it), knowing that Vandam would thwart
his(her) conquète of the
presidency of the United States. On the way back in her(it) crossed(spent), Vandam makes of a stone two
knocks: he saves his woman(wife) and succeeds in eliminating the senator, or
rather THE senators, that of past and that of the present returned in past to
prevent Vandam to kill
him(it). This sequence is worth us a funny quarrel between senators - clones,
so thirsting to be possible that they see in their double(copy) a threat.
This
story offers us a beautiful illustration of contradictions implied by the
journey in the time. Normally, it(he) has there to have temporal double
exposure because there is no absolute determinism. Indeed, Vandam succeeding in changing
the past, so the present, he benefits from all his free arbitrator. Because
neither absolute determinism nor infinite double exposure are represented, the
film has to illustrate the situation of a reduction of the universe. So, in the
end of the film, the hero returns in his(its,her) time. Nobody, in the service,
remembers of whatever it is. Normal if he is in a new branch of universe where
his woman(wife) was never killed. But then, it(he) has to exist in double(copy)
in this universe because he lived there a normal life with his woman(wife). So
it is normal that Van Damme, who kept(guarded) his(her) integrity, is caught
seeing that he has a child. Now it was necessary that somebody helps his
woman(wife) to conceive him(it). In the worst of cases, she(it) deceived
him(it) with an unknown. In the best of cases, she(it) deceived him(it) with
himself(itself). Even the absence of surprise of his(her) woman(wife) is
normal, because at the bottom(really), that makes ten years which she knows
that she is saved. So everything holds, to the nuance near this only question:
where from can indeed come the hero, because, by the surprise, he shows that it
is not exactly that who left his woman(wife) in the morning to go to save
her(it) 10 years earlier? He is short of 10 years of common recollections with
his woman(wife). With whom did she live these 10 years? Where is it(he)?
Everything can maybe explain itself if one justifies the presence of the voyâgeur by the "
spontaneous creation " after its origin of time, what would resolve also
the paradox of the grandfather, Barjavel, as if
the hero came from the another world, what corresponds to one of two hypotheses
of the existence of the universe, the being, what is the stretchable
spontaneous creation, perms, or what is always already there, as we saw him(it)
in the chapter dedicated at the origin of time.
The
hypothesis of the reduction of the universe allows also to answer the question
to know why the hero returns to past to save its woman(wife) if it is alive 10
years later. If she(it) is alive today, she(it) can not have been killed 10
year old earlier, except in another universe, what proves that the hero who
returns at him does not return in sound to him initial.
A
word maintaining on the disappearance of the two senators. They split as they
get(touch). But this disappearance is not credible, as far as this qualifier
has a sense(direction) in this particular case; from the moment they are
divided into halves, they are two different persons and so can occupy the same
space-time, or get(touch), without splitting. If they désintégrent, it is because the
senator voyâgeur is
established(constituted) by negative energy. Consequently, a short circuit or
an explosion should have arisen from the achronissage - to resume Heinlein's term - of the senator voyâgeur. But hypothesis
remains interesting - if logic had been applied from the beginning, the film
would not have existed-, it allows at least the director to finalize(work out)
a special effect of the most beautiful effect, quite as the one that represents
the temporal movement of the persons.
Timescape
---------
(
The passengers of future)
The
scenario of the film is probably inspired by the excellent short story(piece of
news) of the couple Henry Kuttner and Catherine L. Moore " Season of big vineyard ". A
group of tourists of the future fact stopover in May, 1980 in the American
campaign to attend the fall of a meteorite which will provoke a fire. In the
film, they come to attend an earthquake. In both cases, they settle down in an
old hotel in state of reorganization. The owner will eventually discovered the
truth, intrigued by the strange passports of his tenants. These passports
indicate indeed dates as 1906... In the short story(piece of news), the
tourists are going to attend Charlemagne's coronation in Rome more thousand
years earlier.
"
Yes, he says. Yes, past can be modified, but very with difficulty. And it
changes also the future, necessarily. The lines of the probability are
regrouped in new networks. But it is extrèmement complicated, and was
never authorized. Physio-temporal class(course) - one thinks naturally of the
physio-time of Asimov - always
tends to become again normal. That is why it(he) is so difficult to provoke a
change of it " . " It is a theoretical science. We do not modify
history, Wilson. If we
changed our past, our present would be also distorted(altered). And our
temporal world is convenient for us perfectly. There is maybe at home some
dissatisfied, but they have not the right to the privilege to travel in the
time ".
Oliver in the short
story(piece of news), Wilson in the
film make love with one tourist of future, but for her(it), it is as if they
did not exist, as if they were not alive. It is in the exit of the history that
the film distances itself from the short story(piece of news). If in this one,
the hero is left with its lot(fate) after the departure of the travelers of
time, in the film, Wilson discovers
a passport which will allow him(her) to return to recent past and to save his(her)
daughter. A day behind returns but happens put in prison. It(he) has then the
idea to be called in the hotel himself(itself) while it(he) is together with a
traveler, and it(he) convinces himself(itself) to come to help itself. In the
lorry which leads him at his father&-in-law who keeps(guards) his(her)
daughter, it(he) bickers with himself(itself) as the fact the hero of the short
story(piece of news) " I, I and I " of William Tenn. It(he) sees
again(revises) then the leader of the tourists who announces to him(her) that
he cancelled journeys, and who asks for if he does not go " restabiliser destabilization
", is to return a day earlier even and to prevent Wilson to act, to let
disaster occur to resume the class(course) of the history and to avoid that
this program modofie their
future. But Wilson points
out to him(her) that he will not make anything, otherwise they should not there
be spoken about it calmly, and then that is better maybe so if the world of the
future is a little less perfect, magnificent, but more pleasant. Before
returning Wilson the next
day, the leader says: " time is an indispensable thing(matter). It(he)
allows us to split events ". But because his(her) daughter is saved, to
which reality does it(he) return? Where removal the vessel of time?
The
passport establishes(constitutes) a mode of original movement.
One
does not leave from the point of view of the travelers of time, but of the one
that meets them.
Timemaster
----------
Big
originality scénaristique of the
film is to present an extraterrestrial civilization which controls time and
space and which invented a temporal game. They kidnap beings on the other
planets in various times and treat(manipulate) them as simple pawns through
centuries on a big temporal chessboard. Their objective, through murders, wars,
turns, is after all to provoke a turn thermonucléaire which will destroy(annul) the earth(ground). One is
in 2006. Beings come moreover remove a man and a woman(wife) whom they
throw(launch) in the arêne, confronting
them with congeners. If they lose, they are emptied of their vital essences
which feed their kidnapers. If they win, they have eternal life.
The
son of the couple removed, helped by a penitent kidnaper, Isaaïa, a Japanese
instructor of Karate Kid, is going to save his relatives(parents) after a
passage in the time of the far-west where he
advises Billy The Kid,
right-wing, to place his révolver to the
left to unsheathe more easily. Let us note that crossed(exceeded) time the
temporal door, Jesse floats in
the middle of gigantic bubbles(bulls) which contain and represent each an event
of the ground history, and same of the prehistory because he crosses a
tyrannosaur. It is the big merit of this film to give its answer to the
question: Where are so the various moments of the past and future time. But as
the pointed out his(her) mentor, " to travel from a temporal fault to the
other one, it is to travel in a labyrinth. One does not always go when one
wants ".
"
By modifying a small event, one change all the sense(direction) of the history
". That is why Isaaïa would
like to teach him(her) to change the future.
"
When one leaves continuum space-time, one never finds him(it) such as one knew
him(it). What one takes for one second of journey corresponds sometimes to a
long period, a year, maybe even two, enough so that those that one abandons or
that one abandoned have the time to change. Some of them wait for your return,
so never you return naturally ". It is Isaaïa's warning in the flirtation
which wants to accompany Jesse in 2006.
Very sure, our heroes will overcome the naughty boys
The
Guests
-------------
How
to list the works which exploit(run) the subject of the movement in the time
without evoking the global success what establish(constitute) " The guests
"?
Geoffroy of Montmirail and Jacquouille " Okayyyy
" the villain, her servant, live at the beginning of the 12è century in
France, and make a jump in the time which brings them to the end of the 20è
century, while the witch who sends them to the time had only to return them
some hours earlier, before the accidental murder of the king by Geoffroy, who had
confused(merged) his suzerain with a bear. The characters " achronissent
" in the forest, near the castle which belongs to the descendants of... Jacquouille, what is worth us a
waterfall of quiproquos and of
anachronistic situations.
In
" The aisles of time ", the second shutter(sector) of the adventures
of the Guests, the heroes return to the 12è century then return in the 20è
century with for mission to return " Sainte-Rolande's tooth " which
belongs to the king and which Jacquouille took in
the time. The king is inhaled(sucked up) in the aisle of time because his
jewels are in the 20è century. Our heroes release their task before failing at
the time of Napoleon for what establishes(constitutes) the third
shutter(sector) of their adventures.
Plan:
" crossed(spent) towards present and return in past ", while one has
the plan " present with journey in past then in the future, then in the past
and finally in the present " for " Return towards the future ".
Differences of language, reactions which one does not find in the American
film.
The
adventures of Geoffroy were
pulled(fired) and Jacquouille a rather
disappointing software.
Loose
-------
"
Time Bandits
" is an adventure absurd as likes telling them Terry Gilliam: dwarfs of are seized a
temporal card with holes which belongs to God and which this one wants to get
back at all costs. Holes indicate(appoint) the place of temporal doors which
authorize an immediate journey in the Time; the traveler falls in the space crossed(exceeded) Time carry(wear).
The
purpose of the dwarfs is to cross(exceed) these doors to seize treasures of the
history.
The
intrigue of " The army of the 12 monkeys ", of the same film-maker,
is at least complex. In the 21è century, in 2035 , that is soon, the biggest
part of the population succumbed to the mysterious evil. The survivors, who
live underground, send James Cole, a
prisoner condemned in eternity, in past, to prevent a group of anarchists which appeals The army of the 12 monkeys,
to spread a very dangerous virus worldwide. They send at first Cole too much far in the time, in the trenches of first world war. A photo
gives evidence of him(it). Finally, Cole
arrives in 1996. It(he) is locked into an asylum for the "frenzies"
of warning of the humanity, but it(he) succeeds in incurring the confidence of
a young lady, the doctor Railly, the psychiatrist, which(who) brings him(her)
the support. Cole saw again(revised) regularly in
dream the same scene: It(he) runs(roams) in a hall of airport and is
brought(shot) down as it(he) goes rattrapper the holder of the virus who will
decimate the population of future, before he embarks on his plane.
The
Planet of the monkeys can boast of possessing a much more powerful army. The
series of known well films pulled(fired) with Pierre Boule's novel tells the
adventure of a crew of landed astronauts left for the earth(ground) in the end
of twentieth century to return on an older year earth(ground). Relativist
contraction of durations obliges.
The
Rider of lost Time ( Time Rider) has for merit to present an
anachronistic incest: the hero sleeps with its grandmother. He could so be his
own grandfather. This fact revealed in the last sequence is the only real
interest of a film of series a hour.
It
was tomorrow, the adaptation of the continuation(suite) of " The machine
to investigate time " of Wells is served
by the excellent actor Malcolm Mac Dowell, the hero of the film Kubrik's Orange
Mécanique. Jack Eventeur steals Wells's machine and lands in the seventy New
York of the years of twentieth century. Wells personally pursues it. The film is very interesting
on the psychological plan: it(he) well returns the surprise of voyâgeurs, the incredulity of
the " temporal autochthons ".
In
Freejack, a racing
driver crosses(exceeds) the wall of time to succeed in a future not very
distant of which(whom) only true interest is to show us Mick Jagger besides irritating in the
commands(orders) of its cistern.
Langoliers, long television
film pulled(fired) with Stephen King's novel, tells us the adventure of the
passengers of a civil liner taken in an atmospheric disturbance which shows to
be at the origin of a temporal disturbance. The survivors meet themselves in a
world which has one quarter of an hour of delay on theirs - Klein's monster
would it roam in the area? The peculiarity: it(he) is wasted(destroyed) with
fantastic creatures, Langoliers, sort of
dustmen of time. The robinsons of time rattrapperont their time by going
back in an atmosphérico-spatiotemporal disturbance, what is worth us a very
interesting final in which the heroes return 15 ' in advance on their reality
and materializes in the waiting room of the airport under eyes dumbfounded by a
small girl. The story is the occasion of a revealing closed door of weaknesses
and sizes(greatnesses) of each in an absurd situation. It(he) presents for us
the biggest interest still to offer a beautiful illustration of the obstinacy
of our past and of the pre-existence of our future. But they are universes
which contain only some sluggish material(subject); any form of life exists
only in the present.
In
Millenium, a
temporal paradox provokes a shiver of time. The countrymen of future make raids
in past and remove persons whom they use to continue because themselves can not
procreate any more; they are all the same reasons more praiseworthy than those
of the extraterrestrials of Timemaster. But
during a mission, one of the voyâgeuses loses
the weapon. It is a question of going to get back her(it). It is occasion for
leader of mission to fall in love with the enquèteur which tries to
determine the causes of an air emergency landing.
But
situation deteriorates(aggravates). The doctor Meyer, only surviving of the air
emergency landing, found a proof of the raid of temporal travelers in our
present.
A
shiver of time of infinite force occurs in the future when it commits suicide,
because of the paradox that creates its death six years too much early.
Let
us admire the profound philosophic thought of the boss of the future times
whereas its universe is disappearing: " It is not the end, it is not the
beginning of the end, it is the end of the beginning ".
An
unlimited day offers an approach and an illustration very interesting of the
determinism and the infinite double exposure. Really, this scenario contradicts
the theory of the voyâge. Either
it(he) illustrates a situation of absolute determinism, and history does not
turn in buckle. Either it(he) illustrates the situation of the infinite double
exposure, and, in every rehearsal of the situation, has to add a double(copy),
a clone of the emulator of Sisyphus. It is what will seem clearly in the
chapter dedicated to the resolution of paradoxes.
The
short story(piece of news) of Howard Fast Du
time and cats, exploits(runs) the same subject.
In
The Travelers of time, the hero goes in the time of Moses, meets the brothers
Wright and prevents the flight(theft) of " la Joconde " on Titanic before returning in
his(its,her) time, a future close to our point of view.
Time Runner is an
inferior realization only interest of which lives(lies) in the fact which the
hero assists its own birth.
Philadelphia
experiment sends an American soldier of second world war to the 80s of the 20è
century.
SERIES
------
In
the heart of time
-----------------
In
the heart of time, Time Tunnel's French adaptation, is a series of the 70s which
exploits(runs) brilliantly the subject of the journey in the time. One
discovers to it the " laboratory pip - secret of the Trick Toc project, a
gigantic complex underground passage buried under the desert of Arizona, where
is constructed the chronogyre, "
impressive tunnel made with concentric circles alternately black and white,
giving the impression(printing) to extend for the infinity ".
chronogyre is a machine to
travel in the time experimental. She(it) is not perfectly in the point. Now the
government decided to interrupt the subsidies which would allow the researchers
to make her(it) operational. Offended, one of them dives into the chronogyre, soon followed by
his(her) friend, to prove to the representative of the government that a human
being can survive such a journey. But they get lost in the time. Their
colleagues are going to try hard to track down them and to return them, but the
machine not being in the point, they blow up them from time to other one of
past or of future, " misled through the labyrinth of the past and future
times ", as calls back(reminds) it the commentator at the beginning of
every episode.
In
the episode " The end of the world ", the heroes succeed in 1910 in
England, at the time of the appearance in the sky of Halley's comet. The
terrified population believes in the end of the world following a collision
with the earth(ground). Let us underline in the passage the treasures of
ingenuity which have to spread(display) the heroes to convince their
interlocutors that they are travelers of time or that there is a means to avoid
disasters (Titanic, Halley). In
1968, the colleagues of our heroes show the comet and suddenly: " It is
curious, I obtain a strange reaction on dials. Look, needles go to any
sense(direction). "
"
What happens? "
"
Certainly a not identified outside force which exercises a sort of magnetic
push. "
"
It is the comet, we attracted(enticed) her(it) here, she(it) comes directly on
us ".
"
Let us go, resume your sangfroid, Jerry, they are
only images, there is no reason to worry you ".
"
But you spoke about the attraction set with the masses ".
"
It is in 1910! "
"
But the chronogyre connects
us with this time. You understand(include) me? "...
"
It is impossible that what arrived in 1910 can reach(affect) us today "
"
Jerry is right.
Chronogyre directly
connects us with the comet. We are in the same segment of time, you do not so
see the quotient of current time? "
"
Segment, quotient, one can not prove anything with words or equations. I speak
to you in the common sense of the definition of time ".
"
Common sense of the definition? In my opinion, nobody was still able to define
time ".
"
Jerry, cut
current! ".
Naturally
disaster will be just avoided. This episode has the merit to put in evidence
the incredulity which can persist at an intelligent man's, in the occurence general, in spite of
the evidence of facts. It(he) accepts the fact that one reaches(affects)
another time, but not the idea than this time has an influence on the date of
departure.
In
the episode Pearl Harbor, Tony meets at the age of 12 years himself. Two Tony's
versions are in danger.
"
- of what do you think, General?
-to
small Tony. It(he) has to sleep this night at Louise Miller.
-yes,
I know well , but it is our Tony that it is necessary to save.
-oh
not, it is impossible. Oh, it is atrocious.
-what
that? You mean that if small Tony is killed, then our Tony is going to stop
existing?
-in
theory yes!
-there
is a sure thing(matter), it is that small Tony has to come through it because
Tony lived so far.
-C
is logical, but where is logic, at the bottom(really), we do not know big
thing(matter) on the question.
-finally,
there is a possibility so that our dying Tony in 1941, small Tony can stop
existing at the same moment. It is necessary to try both to save them.
-their
lives are interlaced, let us improve synchronization space-time.
-it(he)
is going to be too late...
-Japanese
be going to attack(affect) in less than one half an hour. We are not going to
stay there without intervening.
-Jerry,
it is about past!
-directly,
they are going all to be killed.
-Ca
Jerry happens
in 1941.
-but
it is not only a photo, it is well event such as it(he) occurs, isn't it?
-C
is exact, we throw(cast) a glance behind, in what happened.
-well,
let us try to modify the class(course) of events.
-Jerry,
one day, you will understand(include) that all the people are forced to live
with their past and can not change anything it.
Jerry matters then of
1941, in the chronogyre, the
bomb(spray) which has to explode, believes to defuse her(it) and sends
back(dismisses) her(it) in 1941, hoping to save Doug and Tony. But naturally, she(it)
explodes.
In
" The last patrol, one learns that the engineers of the chronogyre can put the chronostat on Dany and Doug only in the condition that they are
with persons that they can fix in the time. An attempt of transfer before
establishing marks can kill them. And an individual transfer is impossible
because both are a part of the same subject chronostatique. Given that the
electronic computers them did not give anything on the regiment which
fights(disputes) in 1812, they have to appeal to the memory of general of whom
an ancestor, in the occurence the
" butcher ", commanded(ordered) operations this day. The descendant
decides be sent to past. He reveals the truth to his ancestor who persists in
acting as the history will hold(retain) him(it). The descendant eventually
died, wishing that one rewrites history to exonerate his ancestor, who had sent
his people to the death because of a bad information.
As
in " The end of the eternity ", there is manipulation of the reality
from the screen of the chronogyre or by
dumping in past or future.
In
the second episode, a lieutenant sees itself 10 years later in the bun which
has to reunite in March. The behavior is despicable. The fact of knowing how it
was going to react did not prevent him(it) from behaving in a inhuman way. What
would tend to show that the scriptwriters chose the option of the absolute
determinism.
Let
us raise(find), in the series, the same error as at Vernes and so many other
authors, who consists in presenting "years - lights" as duration
while it is about a distance.
As
in an episode of Bob Morane's adventures and as in the Guests, one finds the
enchanter Axe which seems to be the only person of past, at least of our past,
to be able to travel in the time.
Doug and Tony never
change the class(course) of the history because everything is already written.
An originality of the series consists in inserting sequences of classic films
to illustrate various times visited by our heroes. But short of historic facts,
the scriptwriters are going to introduce extraterrestrials into the last
episodes.
Code
quantum
------------
Donald P. Bellisario, the creator of Code
Quantum, was inspired by the series Time tunnel.
Code
quantum is a series of the ninety beginning of the years.
Series
presents two manners to travel in the time: material and uncontrolled for the
professor Sam Beckett and hologrammique and
controlled for Al, his(her)
guardian angel. The text of presentation of every episode well summarizes
situation:
"
Applicant that one could investigate Time within the limits of its own existence, the doctor Sam Beckett settled down in the desert with
a team of scholars of elite to work on a project baptized secret pip Quantum leap. Pressed(hastened) to supply material
evidences of the theories at the risk of seeing the financing of it
killed(abolished), Sam entered
prematurely the still experimental prototype of his(her) temporal accelerator
and disappeared. It(he) woke up in past, suffering from partial amnesia, in
front of a reflection in the mirror which was not his. Fortunately, it(he)
stayed in mental contact with his(its,her) Time through Al, the Observer of the program, under
shape of a hologram which only Sam could see
and listen. Since, it(he) jumps from an identity to the other one, repairing
the errors of past and hoping every Time when the next jump will be the one that will return
him(it) at him ". Contrary to what happens in Time Tunnel, Sam modifies the class(course) of Time because he has for mission to correct
the errors of the persons of which he takes identity. Al thinks that God took the control of the
Quantum program in this purpose. What explains why, contrary to the principle
of Time Tunnel, Sam intervenes almost never in a historic
event. Modifications brought by Sam are
without consequences - what would approve Anderson but what would refute Bradbury! Only once, Sam skips into the skin of a great name of
history, in the occurence Lee
Harvey Oswald, the alleged murderer of John Fitzgerald Kennedy. But it(he) will not succeed in
preventing the murder of the American president, more than it will manage to
save his own brother killed in Vietnam.
In
Licence of not return, or the pilot of the series, Al calls back Sam the image of the thread. This thread
represents Sam's life,
with the birth to an end and its death in the other end. One ties up two ends
to form a buckle, a buckle of time naturally. Then one mixes the whole, one
obtains a mess of dates representing the untidy chronological succession of
times. It is what explains, or rather what allows to imagine itself Sam's situation which advances(moves) and
moves back in past according to the quirks of a God...
One
could object that it is not manifestly here about a journey with will in past
and future, but one is possible considèrer that this
objective will be reached(affected) sooner or later by this hero six
doctorates.
In
the Amur crossings, Sam wants to
break the rule(ruler) n°1, which it promulgated himself, of the Quantum
program: the traveler of time should not take any advantage of his position to
improve or to damage his life. The desire of ( re ) to conquer earlier in the time, the
heart of the one that he should have married fifteen years later, fast makes
forget him(her) this principle, and makes us the nice person.
Intended
Boy is a magnificent episode because it(he) works according to the principle of
the second degree. He tells Captain Galaxy's
moving history, hero of a series broadcast of the 50s and of his partner Kenny
Sharp, in whom is embodied Sam, in their
" temponomètre ".
Subtlety of the scenario which plays on the fiction in the fiction. Important
passages where Intended Boy, Sam,
announces future events: anachronisms. The nail of the episode is explanation
by Captain Galaxy of
its theory of the journey in the time to answer literally of a young admirer:
Elk Ridge's small Sam Beckett.
Intended Boy is one of the best stories of journey in the time, any
confused(merged) kinds(genres), so much scenario allies emotion, logical rigour
and humor. Episode would even be worth being seen only by the delirious dresses
of the heroes.
Star
Trek
---------
Star
Trek is a series cult of the 70s and 80. Setback is considered as the best
episode of the first time of the series.
The
vessel Enterprise of the commander(major) Kirk undergoes one " sort of gap in the time ".
The vessel is shaken, the doctor Mac Coy injects
inadvertently a product which is delirious him(it,her) and makes him(it)
paranoiac. It(he) téléporte then in
full centre of chronological disturbances. Kirk, Spock and four members of the crew pursue it on a planet
where they discover a sort of arc at the source of disturbances. Evoking the
circle, this entity says of herself(itself): " I am my beginning and I am
my end. I am the guard of the eternity ". Since any time, the arc, neither
machine nor human being, waited that one asks him(her) a question. Spock understands(includes) that he acts of
time personally, a door opened at the other times and the other dimensions. And
effectively, the crew can see on a sort of invisible screen the arc making
returns in the time by successive waves. She(it) shows to Kirk and his(her) people of the images of
million millenniums behind, and opens them a door on their own past, if they
wish to know him(it). It is the moment that chooses Mac Coy to cross the door. The
Commander(major) Kirk would then
like to return a day before the accidental sting of the doctor, but time
marches past too fast to arrive at the moment so precise. The arc can not
change anything this speed because it was " conceived " (???) so.
" It is a carried out fact, here is everything ", says Kirk with philosophy by speaking about Mac Coy's sting. But problem, it is that
" Mac Coy is in
what was " and that it modified future by occurring(speaking) in past,
leaving his(her) companions lost in the universe. " Your vessel, the place
where from you come and what you knew, all this is erased ". Indeed, Kirk does not manage any more to contact
his(her) vessel while the radio is in perfect state of walking, simply because
the vessel does not exist any more in this new present. " Everything
stops(arrests) today. It(he) there either did not pass or future. For you, time
does not exist any more ", says the arc. A single solution for Kirk and Spock, to cross the mirror of time. They land
in a " time of inhumanity of the history of America ". If they manage
to prevent Mac Coy to
intervene in the history, it will be as if nothing had happened.
The
time of inhumanity where they arrive, it is 1929. Where from they come? "
Coefficient indefinite space-time ", notes Kirk in its ship's log. Having stolen the
clothes which make them less eccentric, Spock and Kirk is
welcomed with the responsible for a pension for homeless person who gives them
a little of work. Irony wants that it has a fine intuition and predicts the conquète of the space by the
people; she(it) goes so far as to say even to Kirk and Spock that they are " anachronistic
". Whereas Spock finalizes(works out) an
interceptor of memory(report), Kirk flirts
with Ellen Killer and falls in love with it.
But Spock discovers
that Ellen is the
chronological junction point with the doctor Mac Coy. It(he) understands(includes) as
well as Mac Coy will
save Ellen Killer of the death,
because she will meet the president of the United States 6 years later, and
will convince him not
to bring in the USA in a second world war which Hitler will take away(gain). In fact, Killer was in the head of a pacifist movement which
convinced the president not to intervene in the conflict and it is that allowed
Mac Coy by preventing Killer to be knocked down by a car. It is so with the
biggest despair that the Commander(major) Kirk will
prevent the doctor from saving Ellen, to restore the normal
class(course) of the history. Immediately Kirk, Spock and Mac Coy return to their time. "
You were not absent for a long time " the crew says. Excellent scenario is
due to the writer Harlan Ellisson.
Star
Trek: The Next
Generation (new generation), ends in two episodes ( 177-178 ) " All The good things have The end ", which make The pride of their scriptwriters.
Picard, the new
commander(major) of Enterprise, is
confronted with himself(itself) and has to travel in the present, past and
future to prevent the destruction of the universe.
One
of the numerous histories where, during the same episode, the person
invests(surrounds) past, present and future. But this history is more original
than the others. This episode contains, according to the expression of L.M. Krauss in " The physics of Star Trek " , " All the paradoxes ": in the same
place, in the various times, " Enterprise " explodes, what provokes a chain reaction in
the time which destroys(annuls) life on earth(ground). Indeed, the
commander(major) Picard activates(starts) a chain reaction of events which will
propagate in rebours in the
time and will destroy(annul) not only his own ancestors, but any life on
earth(ground). It is " the ultimate example of an effect producing a cause
". Let us admire Krauss's wink in
the American version, dûe to Thorne, colleague of Krauss, the paradox of the
grandfather of Barjavel, the
paradox of the "matricide": In " All good things ", it is not the
destruction of the mother which creates paradox, it is the " mother of
paradoxes " which provokes the destruction of the universe.
We
have here a new example of the immense possibilities which offers the subject
of the movement in the time.
Let
us indicate that broadcast series gave birth to a series of full-length films
of which two, Return to earth and First contact, exploit(run) the subject of
the movement in the time of Enterprise and its
crew.
Doctor
Who
-----------
Here
is how the brother Bogdanoff presents novels pulled(fired) by the series:
" A billion admirers worldwide! Lord of time, hero of the eternity, the
Doctor Who knows today a fantastic popularity. The unequalled success of the
broadcast series which gave him(her) birth, the fascination which it exercises
on an immense public through more than hundred countries contributes to make of
this person a real myth ".
I regrettably had no chance to see this series, video cassettes of which are not available. I had to content with looking at an exceptional number of the excellent broadcast(emission,issue) Destinations series, which was also interested in Time Tunnel and in Code Quantum. And it was enough for me to fall under the charm of Doctor Who. A strange atmosphere and a fascinating music pull(entail) us in a world féérique